Fig. 2. Tracing prostate cancer trajectory using a molecular atlas-based personalized strategy.

Personalized tumor profiling from the onset of cancer detection can facilitate stratification of patients by disease risk to avoid potential morbidities and mortalities associated with over- and under-treatment. While initial therapies may impart significant decreases in disease burden, continuous monitoring via serial molecular profiling of patient blood and urine for CTCs, exosomes, and/or tumor DNA is critical for timely identification of disease recurrence and new tumor populations that may arise. The continued compilation of a patient-specific molecular profile throughout the disease course will also encourage early identification of potential therapeutics and timely initiation of treatments to control disease progression.