Figure 1. Bone-implantation method for osteosarcoma PDOX. (A) An 8 mm incision made on the skin. (B) Quadriceps and calf exposed by bending the knee. The membrane was dissected away from the tibia bone and muscle. Black arrow indicates the knee cap. White arrow indicates the tibia. (C) After a 5-mm blade was used to puncture a hole and was rotated, a 1 mm diameter hole was formed in the tibia. (D) A 1-mm3 tumor fragment was inserted into the hole. Black arrow indicates the implanted tumor fragment.