Figure 3. Dichloroacetate (DCA) alleviates metformin (MET)-induced lactate production and restores mitochondrial respiration. U-87 cells were cotreated with 10 mM DCA and 5 mM MET, or each alone for 24 h. PBS was used as control. A. and C. Real-time metabolism analysis by Seahorse mitochondrial stress test kit that was used to measure the ECAR (extracellular acidification rate) representing the amount of glycolysis, and OCR (oxygen consumption rate), defining the amount of mitochondrial respiration. B. Histograms of glycolytic function parameters. D. Lactate release into media after drug exposure. Values represent the mean±SEM of three independent experiments. *p<0.05; **p<0.01; ***p<0.001.