Table 2.
Proportion of the U.S. Population with each CDC risk factor for severe COVID-19 infection.
| Age ≥ 65%* ± SE (No. in millions) | Current Cancer,%* ± SE (No. in millions) | COPD,%* ± SE (No. in millions) | CKD,%* ± SE (No. in millions) | Heart Disease,%* ± SE (No. in millions) | Obesity,%* ± SE (No. in millions) | Smoking,%* ± SE (No. in millions) | T2DM,%* ± SE (No. in millions) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All | 20.2 ± 0.9 (47.2) |
1.9 ± 0.2† (4.4) |
4.1 ± 0.4 (9.6) |
15.8 ± 0.6 (36.8) |
6.2 ± 0.5 (14.5) |
41.3 ± 1.2 (96.4) |
42.9 (100.2) |
13.8% ±0.6 (32.2) |
| Gender | ||||||||
| Male | 18.6 ± 1.1 (20.8) |
1.9 ± 0.3 (2.1) |
3.9 ± 0.5 (4.4) |
14.4 ± 0.7 (16.1) |
7.7 ± 0.7 (8.7) |
40.5 ± 1.7 (45.4) |
51.6 (57.9) |
15.2 ± 0.8 (17.0) |
| Female | 21.7 ± 0.9 (26.4) |
1.9 ± 0.3 (2.4) |
4.3 ± 0.5 (5.2) |
17.0 ± 0.9 (20.7) |
4.8 ± 0.4 (5.8) |
41.9 ± 1.2 (51.0) |
34.8 (42.3) |
12.5 ± 0.8 (15.2) |
| Age | ||||||||
| 18–29 | – | 0.3 ± 0.2 (0.1) |
0.1 ± 0.1 (0.06) |
6.0 ± 0.9 (2.6) |
0.1 ± 0.1 (0.03) |
34.2 ± 2.3 (14.8) |
33.9 (14.7) |
2.1 ± 0.4 (0.9) |
| 30–39 | – | 0.2 ± 0.1 (0.09) |
0.5 ± 0.2 (0.2) |
7.4 ± 0.8 (3.0) |
1.0 ± 0.3 (0.4) |
42.4 ± 1.5 (17.5) |
41.5 (17.1) |
5.0 ± 0.5 (2.1) |
| 40–49 | – | 0.4 ± 0.2 (0.2) |
1.8 ± 0.4 (0.7) |
8.2 ± 0.8 (3.2) |
1.7 ± 0.3 (0.7) |
43.8 ± 2.1 (17.2) |
41.3 (16.3) |
10.6 ± 1.1 (4.2) |
| 50–64 | – | 2.5 ± 0.5 (1.5) |
7.3 ± 0.8 (4.6) |
15.7 ± 1.1 (9.8) |
7.6 ± 0.9 (4.7) |
44.6 ± 1.8 (27.9) |
46.2 (28.8)) |
19.4 ± 1.1 (12.1) |
| 65–74 | 100 (28.6) |
2.4 ± 0.6 (0.7) |
7.2 ± 1.2 (2.1) |
29.6 ± 1.8 (8.5) |
15.4 ± 1.5 (4.4) |
44.0 ± 2.4 (12.6) |
51.2 (14.6) |
27.2 ± 1.9 (7.8) |
| ≥75 | 100 (18.7) |
9.7 ± 1.2 (1.8) |
10.8 ± 1.0 (2.0) |
51.8 ± 1.8 (9.7) |
22.9 ± 1.6 (4.3) |
34.4 ± 2.0 (6.4) |
46.4 (8.7) |
27.5 ± 1.5 (5.1) |
| Race/Ethnicity | ||||||||
| Hispanic | 10.1 ± 1.0 (3.7) |
0.7 ± 0.2 (0.2) |
1.5 ± 0.2 (0.6) |
12.5 ± 0.7 (4.5) |
3.5 ± 0.5 (1.3) |
45.9 ± 1.3 (16.6) |
34.5 (12.5) |
15.0 ± 1.2 (5.4) |
| White | 24.6 ± 1.1 (36.3) |
2.5 ± 0.3 (3.7) |
5.0 ± 0.6 (7.4) |
16.5 ± 0.8 (24.4) |
7.0 ± 0.6 (10.4) |
40.8 ± 1.5 (60.2) |
46.7 (68.9) |
12.7 ± 0.7 (18.7) |
| Black | 14.5 ± 0.8 (3.9) |
1.1 ± 0.2 (0.3) |
2.9 ± 0.4 (0.8) |
16.9 ± 1.1 (4.5) |
5.9 ± 0.6 (1.6) |
48.2 ± 1.3 (12.8) |
38.6 (10.2) |
16.7 ± 0.8 (4.4) |
| Asian | 15.0 ± 1.6 (2.1) |
0.6 ± 0.2 (0.08) |
0.7 ± 0.2 (0.09) |
13.4 ± 1.3 (1.8) |
3.2 ± 0.6 (0.4) |
15.3 ± 1.0 (2.1) |
20.3 (2.8) |
15.4 ± 1.0 (2.1) |
| Other | 14.4 ± 2.4 (1.4) |
1.6 ± 0.8 (0.2) |
8.4 ± 2.1 (0.8) |
16.5 ± 1.8 (1.6) |
9.2 ± 2.0 (0.9) |
48.7 ± 3.5 (4.7) | 59.5 (5.8) |
15.2 ± 2.0 (1.5) |
| Education | ||||||||
| <High School | 24.2 ± 1.7 (7.2) |
1.7 ± 0.4 (0.5) |
6.8 ± 0.7 (2.0) |
21.2 ± 0.7 (6.4) |
9.2 ± 1.0 (2.8) |
40.5 ± 1.4 (12.2) |
51.0 (15.3) |
20.7 ± 1.3 (6.2) |
| High School | 20.6 ± 1.5 (11.5) |
2.1 ± 0.5 (1.2) |
5.8 ± 0.7 (3.2) |
18.2 ± 1.2 (10.2) |
6.6 ± 0.9 (3.7) |
45.6 ± 1.6 (25.5) |
52.6 (29.4) |
14.5 ± 0.9 (8.1) |
| >High School | 19.2 ± 1.0 (28.4) |
1.8 ± 0.2 (2.7) |
2.9 ± 0.4 (4.3) |
13.7 ± 0.6 (20.2) |
5.5 ± 0.5 (8.1) |
39.8 ± 1.5 (58.8) |
37.6 (55.5) |
12.1 ± 0.7 (17.8) |
| Income | ||||||||
| <150% FPL | 15.7 ± 1.2 (8.0) |
1.7 ± 0.2 (0.8) |
7.6 ± 0.7 (3.9) |
18.4 ± 1.0 (9.4) |
7.5 ± 0.6 (3.9) |
42.9 ± 1.2 (21.9) |
40.4 (64.8) |
15.3 ± 0.7 (7.9) |
| ≥150% FPL | 20.9 ± 1.1 (33.5) |
1.7 ± 0.2 (2.7) |
3.0 ± 0.4 (4.9) |
14.7 ± 0.6 (23.7) |
5.5 ± 0.5 (8.9) |
41.2 ± 1.3 (66.1) |
51.1 (26.1) |
13.1 ± 0.7 (21.0) |
Abbreviations, FPL, federal poverty line.
Risk criteria include current cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), chronic kidney disease (CKD), immunocompromised state from solid organ transplant, obesity (BMI >30kg/m2), serious heart conditions, sickle cell disease, current or past smoking, pregnancy, type 2 diabetes, as well as age>=65.
Current cancer was ascertained based on an affirmative response to the following question “ever told you had cancer or malignancy” and a response to the follow-up question “age cancer diagnosed” that confirmed the diagnosis had been made within two years of the survey. Sensitivity analyses were performed assessing 1 year and 5 years intervals since cancer diagnosis. The prevalence of current cancer in the overall cohort was 1.0% ± 0.2 when current cancer was defined using a 1-year window from cancer diagnosis and 4.0% ± 0.3 with a 5-year window from diagnosis.
The estimated average U.S. population at the time of the NHANES survey in 2015–2018 was 233.8 million. The estimated average number of individuals within each subgroup of the population during the survey period was as follows: gender – male, 112.2 million, female, 121.6 million; age – 18–29, 43.3 million; 30–39, 41.4 million, 40–49, 39.4 million, 50–64, 62.4 million; 65–74, 28.6 million, ≥ 75, 18.7 million; race/ethnicity – Hispanic, 36.2 million, White, 147.6, Black, 26.5 million, Asian, 13.7 million, Other, 9.7 million; Education – <High school, 30.0 million.