Table 1.
Author, Year | Country | Study Design | Setting | Nomenclature Used to Define Study Population | Inclusion criteria - Minimum No. Days on MV | No. Subjects, n | Mortality, Primary vs. Secondary Outcome |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Abitağaoğlu, 2019 [17] | Turkey | RC | ICU | Home mechanical ventilation | Failure to wean | 51 | Primary |
Aksoy, 2019 [18] | Turkey | RC | Home | Home mechanical ventilation | 90 | 134 | Primary |
Bagley, 1997 [19] | USA | RC | Non-ICU unit | Ventilator-dependent | Failure to wean | 278 | Secondary |
Bigatello, 2007 [20] | USA | PC | Non-ICU unit | Prolonged mechanical ventilation | NR | 210 | Secondary |
Björling, 2006 [21] | Sweden | RC | Home | Long-term tracheostomy | 4 years | 94 | Secondary |
Bonnici, 2016 [22] | UK | PC | Non-ICU unit | NR | 28 | 262 | Primary |
Carson, 1999 [23] | USA | PC | Non-ICU unit | NR | 14 | 133 | Primary |
Carson, 2008 [24] | USA | PC | ICU | Prolonged mechanical ventilation | 21 | 200 | Primary |
Cazzolli, 1996 [25] | USA | PC | Home/NH | Home mechanical ventilation | 1 year | 50 (25 in NH) | Primary |
Ceriana, 2003 [26] | Italy | PC | Non-ICU unit | NR | NR | 96 | Secondary |
Chelluri, 2003 [27] | USA | PC | ICU | Prolonged mechanical ventilation | 2 | 813 | Secondary |
Cohen, 1993 [28] | USA | RC | ICU | Prolonged mechanical ventilation | 2 | 45 | Secondary |
Combes, 2003 [29] | France | PC | ICU | Long-term mechanical ventilation | 14 | 347 | Primary |
Combes, 2007 [30] | France | RC | ICU | Prolonged mechanical ventilation | 3 | 166 | Primary |
Cordasco, 1991 [31] | USA | RC | Non-ICU unit | Long-term ventilator dependent patient | 7 | 99 | Secondary |
Cox, 2004 [32] | USA | RC | ICU | Prolonged mechanical ventilation | 3 | 9,794 | Primary |
Cox, 2007 [33] | USA | PC | ICU | Prolonged mechanical ventilation | 4 or 21 | 381 | Primary |
Dasgupta, 1999 [34] | USA | PC | Non-ICU unit | Ventilator-dependent | NR | 212 | Primary |
Fini, 2014 [35] | Italy | PC | Non-ICU unit | Long-term mechanical ventilation | NR | 47 | Primary |
Transferred to Home | 27 | ||||||
Transferred to NH | 10 | ||||||
Fischer, 1982 [36] | USA | PC | Home | Respirator-dependent | Failure to wean | 29 | Secondary |
Ghiani, 2020 [37] | Germany | RC | Non-ICU unit | Prolonged mechanical ventilation | Failure to wean | 263 | Secondary |
Gracey 1997 [38] | USA | PC | Non-ICU unit | Prolonged mechanical ventilation | 21 | 206 | Primary |
Guber, 2002 [39] | Israel | PC | Home | Home-ventilated patients | 30 | 25 | Secondary |
Hannan, 2013 [40] | Australia | PC | Non-ICU unit | NR | 14 | 78 | Secondary |
Hendin, 2019 [41] | Canada | RC | Non-ICU unit | Tracheostomy-ventilated patients | Failure to wean | 50 | Secondary |
Hill, 2017 [42] | Canada | RC | ICU | Prolonged mechanical ventilation | 21 | 11,594 | Primary |
Kojicic, 2011 [43] | USA | RC | ICU | Prolonged mechanical ventilation | Failure to wean∗ | 65 | Secondary |
Krieger, 1988 [44] | USA | PC | Non-ICU unit | Long-term ventilator patients | 3 | 11 | Secondary |
Lai, 2016 [45] | Taiwan | RC | Non-ICU unit | Prolonged mechanical ventilation | 21 | 510 | Primary |
Latriano, 1996 [46] | USA | RC | Non-ICU unit | Prolonged mechanical ventilation | NR | 224 | Primary |
Leroy, 2014 [47] | France | RC | ICU | Prolonged mechanical ventilation | 21 | 201 | Secondary |
Li, 2016 [48] | China | PC | ICU | Prolonged mechanical ventilation | 21 | 157 | Secondary |
Lin, 1996 [49] | Taiwan | PC | Home | Home mechanical ventilation | 30 | 34 | Secondary |
Lone, 2011 [50] | UK | RC | ICU | Prolonged mechanical ventilation | 21 | 349 | Secondary |
Mamary, 2011 [51] | USA | PC | Non-ICU unit | Prolonged mechanical ventilation | NR | 182 | Primary |
Mok, 2016 [52] | Korea | RC | ICU | Prolonged mechanical ventilation | 21 | 184 | Secondary |
Moss, 1993 [53] | USA | PC | Home | NR | NR | 19 | Secondary |
Muir, 1994 [54] | France | RC | Home/NH | Home mechanical ventilation | 1 year | 253 (41 in NH) | Primary |
Nugent, 1996 [55] | Ireland | PC | Home | Home mechanical ventilation | NR | 13 | Secondary |
Pilcher, 2005 [56] | UK | PC | Non-ICU unit | Ventilator dependent | Failure to wean | 153 | Primary |
Polverino 2010 [57] | Italy | RC | Non-ICU unit | Prolonged mechanical ventilation | 15 | 3,106 | Primary |
Robson, 2003 [58] | UK | PC | ICU | NR | 21 | 161 | Secondary |
Roh, 2019 [59] | Korea | RC | ICU | Prolonged mechanical ventilation | 21 | 302 | Secondary |
Rose, 2012 [60] | Canada | RC | Non-ICU unit | Prolonged mechanical ventilation | 21 | 115 | Secondary |
Rose, 2019 [61] | Canada | RC | Home/NH | Ventilator-assisted individuals | 21 | 52 (7 in NH) | Secondary |
Saiphoklang, 2019 [62] | Thailand | PC | Home | Home mechanical ventilation | 21 | 12 | Primary |
Salahuddin, 2005 [12] | Pakistan | PC | Home | Ventilator-dependent | NR | 11 | Primary |
Sancho, 2011 [63] | Spain | PC | Home | Home tracheostomy mechanical ventilation | NR | 38 | Secondary |
Scheinhorn, 1994 [64] | USA | RC | Non-ICU unit | Prolonged mechanical ventilation/Ventilator-dependent | NR | 421 | Primary |
Transferred to Home | 26 | ||||||
Transferred to NH | 49 | ||||||
Scheinhorn, 2007 [65] | USA | PC | Non-ICU unit | Prolonged mechanical ventilation | NR | 1,419 | Primary |
Schonhofer, 2002 [66] | Germany | RC | Non-ICU unit | Prolonged mechanical ventilation | 14 & failure to wean | 403 | Primary |
Seneff, 2000 [9] | USA | RC | Non-ICU unit | Chronically ventilated patients | 21 | 1,702 | Primary |
Acute Hospital | 432 | ||||||
Sivak, 1982 [67] | USA | PC | Home | Home care ventilation | ≥30 | 21 | Secondary |
Spataro, 2012 [68] | Italy | PC | Home/Acute Hospital | NR | NR | 87 (5 in Acute Hospital) | Secondary |
Stoller, 2003 [69] | USA | PC | Non-ICU unit | Long-term mechanical ventilation | 14–21 | 162 | Primary |
Tsara, 2015 [10] | Greece | RC | Non-ICU unit | NR | Failure to wean | 548 | Primary |
Unroe, 2010 [70] | USA | PC | ICU | Prolonged mechanical ventilation | 4 or 21† | 126 | Secondary |
Vitacca, 2011 [71] | Italy | PC | Home | Home mechanical ventilation | NR | 12 | Secondary |
Wijkstra, 2003 [72] | Canada | RC | Non-ICU unit | Ventilator-dependent | Failure to wean | 50 | Secondary |
Wolf, 1993 [73] | Israel | PC | Home | Respirator-dependent | 1 year | 13 | Secondary |
CS, cross-sectional study; NH, nursing home; NR, not reported; PC, prospective cohort study; RC, retrospective cohort study.
Inclusion criteria included failure to wean or placement of tracheostomy in anticipation of long-term ventilation.
Inclusion criteria required mechanical ventilation for at least >96 h with tracheostomy or at least >21 days without tracheostomy.