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. 2021 Feb 13;7(2):e06230. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06230

Table 1.

Characteristics of Included Studies in this Systematic Review.

Author, Year Country Study Design Setting Nomenclature Used to Define Study Population Inclusion criteria - Minimum No. Days on MV No. Subjects, n Mortality, Primary vs. Secondary Outcome
Abitağaoğlu, 2019 [17] Turkey RC ICU Home mechanical ventilation Failure to wean 51 Primary
Aksoy, 2019 [18] Turkey RC Home Home mechanical ventilation 90 134 Primary
Bagley, 1997 [19] USA RC Non-ICU unit Ventilator-dependent Failure to wean 278 Secondary
Bigatello, 2007 [20] USA PC Non-ICU unit Prolonged mechanical ventilation NR 210 Secondary
Björling, 2006 [21] Sweden RC Home Long-term tracheostomy 4 years 94 Secondary
Bonnici, 2016 [22] UK PC Non-ICU unit NR 28 262 Primary
Carson, 1999 [23] USA PC Non-ICU unit NR 14 133 Primary
Carson, 2008 [24] USA PC ICU Prolonged mechanical ventilation 21 200 Primary
Cazzolli, 1996 [25] USA PC Home/NH Home mechanical ventilation 1 year 50 (25 in NH) Primary
Ceriana, 2003 [26] Italy PC Non-ICU unit NR NR 96 Secondary
Chelluri, 2003 [27] USA PC ICU Prolonged mechanical ventilation 2 813 Secondary
Cohen, 1993 [28] USA RC ICU Prolonged mechanical ventilation 2 45 Secondary
Combes, 2003 [29] France PC ICU Long-term mechanical ventilation 14 347 Primary
Combes, 2007 [30] France RC ICU Prolonged mechanical ventilation 3 166 Primary
Cordasco, 1991 [31] USA RC Non-ICU unit Long-term ventilator dependent patient 7 99 Secondary
Cox, 2004 [32] USA RC ICU Prolonged mechanical ventilation 3 9,794 Primary
Cox, 2007 [33] USA PC ICU Prolonged mechanical ventilation 4 or 21 381 Primary
Dasgupta, 1999 [34] USA PC Non-ICU unit Ventilator-dependent NR 212 Primary
Fini, 2014 [35] Italy PC Non-ICU unit Long-term mechanical ventilation NR 47 Primary
Transferred to Home 27
Transferred to NH 10
Fischer, 1982 [36] USA PC Home Respirator-dependent Failure to wean 29 Secondary
Ghiani, 2020 [37] Germany RC Non-ICU unit Prolonged mechanical ventilation Failure to wean 263 Secondary
Gracey 1997 [38] USA PC Non-ICU unit Prolonged mechanical ventilation 21 206 Primary
Guber, 2002 [39] Israel PC Home Home-ventilated patients 30 25 Secondary
Hannan, 2013 [40] Australia PC Non-ICU unit NR 14 78 Secondary
Hendin, 2019 [41] Canada RC Non-ICU unit Tracheostomy-ventilated patients Failure to wean 50 Secondary
Hill, 2017 [42] Canada RC ICU Prolonged mechanical ventilation 21 11,594 Primary
Kojicic, 2011 [43] USA RC ICU Prolonged mechanical ventilation Failure to wean 65 Secondary
Krieger, 1988 [44] USA PC Non-ICU unit Long-term ventilator patients 3 11 Secondary
Lai, 2016 [45] Taiwan RC Non-ICU unit Prolonged mechanical ventilation 21 510 Primary
Latriano, 1996 [46] USA RC Non-ICU unit Prolonged mechanical ventilation NR 224 Primary
Leroy, 2014 [47] France RC ICU Prolonged mechanical ventilation 21 201 Secondary
Li, 2016 [48] China PC ICU Prolonged mechanical ventilation 21 157 Secondary
Lin, 1996 [49] Taiwan PC Home Home mechanical ventilation 30 34 Secondary
Lone, 2011 [50] UK RC ICU Prolonged mechanical ventilation 21 349 Secondary
Mamary, 2011 [51] USA PC Non-ICU unit Prolonged mechanical ventilation NR 182 Primary
Mok, 2016 [52] Korea RC ICU Prolonged mechanical ventilation 21 184 Secondary
Moss, 1993 [53] USA PC Home NR NR 19 Secondary
Muir, 1994 [54] France RC Home/NH Home mechanical ventilation 1 year 253 (41 in NH) Primary
Nugent, 1996 [55] Ireland PC Home Home mechanical ventilation NR 13 Secondary
Pilcher, 2005 [56] UK PC Non-ICU unit Ventilator dependent Failure to wean 153 Primary
Polverino 2010 [57] Italy RC Non-ICU unit Prolonged mechanical ventilation 15 3,106 Primary
Robson, 2003 [58] UK PC ICU NR 21 161 Secondary
Roh, 2019 [59] Korea RC ICU Prolonged mechanical ventilation 21 302 Secondary
Rose, 2012 [60] Canada RC Non-ICU unit Prolonged mechanical ventilation 21 115 Secondary
Rose, 2019 [61] Canada RC Home/NH Ventilator-assisted individuals 21 52 (7 in NH) Secondary
Saiphoklang, 2019 [62] Thailand PC Home Home mechanical ventilation 21 12 Primary
Salahuddin, 2005 [12] Pakistan PC Home Ventilator-dependent NR 11 Primary
Sancho, 2011 [63] Spain PC Home Home tracheostomy mechanical ventilation NR 38 Secondary
Scheinhorn, 1994 [64] USA RC Non-ICU unit Prolonged mechanical ventilation/Ventilator-dependent NR 421 Primary
Transferred to Home 26
Transferred to NH 49
Scheinhorn, 2007 [65] USA PC Non-ICU unit Prolonged mechanical ventilation NR 1,419 Primary
Schonhofer, 2002 [66] Germany RC Non-ICU unit Prolonged mechanical ventilation 14 & failure to wean 403 Primary
Seneff, 2000 [9] USA RC Non-ICU unit Chronically ventilated patients 21 1,702 Primary
Acute Hospital 432
Sivak, 1982 [67] USA PC Home Home care ventilation ≥30 21 Secondary
Spataro, 2012 [68] Italy PC Home/Acute Hospital NR NR 87 (5 in Acute Hospital) Secondary
Stoller, 2003 [69] USA PC Non-ICU unit Long-term mechanical ventilation 14–21 162 Primary
Tsara, 2015 [10] Greece RC Non-ICU unit NR Failure to wean 548 Primary
Unroe, 2010 [70] USA PC ICU Prolonged mechanical ventilation 4 or 21 126 Secondary
Vitacca, 2011 [71] Italy PC Home Home mechanical ventilation NR 12 Secondary
Wijkstra, 2003 [72] Canada RC Non-ICU unit Ventilator-dependent Failure to wean 50 Secondary
Wolf, 1993 [73] Israel PC Home Respirator-dependent 1 year 13 Secondary

CS, cross-sectional study; NH, nursing home; NR, not reported; PC, prospective cohort study; RC, retrospective cohort study.

Inclusion criteria included failure to wean or placement of tracheostomy in anticipation of long-term ventilation.

Inclusion criteria required mechanical ventilation for at least >96 h with tracheostomy or at least >21 days without tracheostomy.