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. 2021 Feb 12;12(2):176. doi: 10.1038/s41419-021-03462-9

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — A The effects of four ionophores on vascular constriction in isolated thoracic aortas with intact endothelium or with denuded endothelium. The aortas were pretreated with PE. Glucose (5 mM) or pyruvate (5 mM) was supplied as the only metabolite available in the incubation medium. Typical traces of vascular tension were shown in the left, and the quantified results were shown in right. The arrow indicates the time point for treatment with ionophore. n = 6. B The effects of four ionophores on ΔΨ_m in VSMCs of isolated aortas. Typical images of ΔΨ_m in VSMCs in blood vessels were shown in the left, and the quantified results were shown in right. ΔΨ_m was detected by TMRM. n = 6. C Oligomycin induced vascular constriction in isolated thoracic aortas. D The effects of NH⁴⁺ and CH₃COO^- on vascular tone in isolated aortas. Typical traces of vascular tension were shown in the left, and the quantified results were shown in right. n = 6. E Glu-Ins-induced mitochondrial hyperpolarization was blocked by preincubation of isolated aortas with FCCP or nigericin. ΔΨ_m was detected by JC-1. Typical images of ΔΨ_m in VSMCs in blood vessels were shown in the left, and the quantified results were shown in right. F Preincubation of isolated aortas with FCCP or nigericin inhibited Glu-Ins-induced vascular constriction. Typical traces of vascular tension were shown in the left, and the quantified results were shown in right. n = 6. Error bars represent SEM. ^*P < 0.05. ^**P < 0.01.