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. 2021 Feb 12;7:10. doi: 10.1038/s41405-021-00067-4

Table 2.

Interrelationship between confidence and correctness and other important findings in relation to the questions.

Interrelationship between confidence and correctness Total Findings in relation to the multiple-choice questions
Correct answer + confident (Situation 1) 77.9% This percentage represents 452/580 of the answers. Questions 1 and 7 (‘basic’ questions) had 100% of correct answers and 100% of confidence.
Correct answer + unconfident (Situation 2) 14.65% This percentage represents 85/580 of the answers.
Incorrect answer + confident (Situation 3) 2.06% This percentage represents 12/580 of the answers. Nine students were responsible for the 12 misconceptions. These misconceptions originated from five questions: four ‘moderate’ and one ‘basic’.
Incorrect answer + unconfident (Situation 4) 5.34% This percentage represents 31/580 of the answers.

Each one of the 29 students answered 20 questions each (resulting in 580 answers).