Table 2.

Odds (Adjusted) of High School Students Having Persistent Feelings of Sadness or Hopelessness, by Students With One or More Self-Reported Sports- or Physical Activity–Related Concussions.

Variable	Percentage of High School Students Who Had Persistent Feelings of Sadness or Hopelessness
	0 Concussions AOR [95% CI]	≥ 1 Concussion AOR [95% CI]
Total	1.0 (ref)	1.41 [1.22, 1.63]
Sex
Female	1.0 (ref)	1.54 [1.29, 1.85]
Male	1.0 (ref)	1.28 [1.03, 1.58]
Race/Ethnicityb
Whitec	1.0 (ref)	1.54 [1.22, 1.94]
Blackc	1.0 (ref)	1.33 [0.92, 1.93]
Hispanic	1.0 (ref)	1.16 [0.95, 1.42]
Grade
9th	1.0 (ref)	1.50 [1.20, 1.89]
10th	1.0 (ref)	1.55 [1.19, 2.02]
11th	1.0 (ref)	1.06 [0.82, 1.37]
12th	1.0 (ref)	1.63 [1.26, 2.11]

Source: National Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2017.^a

Note. Estimates were considered statistically significant when p <0.05. AOR = adjusted odds ratio; CI = confidence interval.

^aModels were adjusted for sex, grade, and race/ethnicity overall, and as appropriate for each demographic group.

^bStudents in other racial/ethnic subgroups was too small for meaningful analysis; therefore, these data are not presented.

^cNon-Hispanic.