Table 1.

Study Outcomes and Measures

Outcome	Measure	Description
Family member depression	9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9)	Residents’ family members indicate how often they experience common symptoms of depression. Total scores range from 027. Higher scores indicate more intense depressive symptoms (Kroenke, Spitzer, & Williams, 2001).
Family member anxiety	7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7)	Residents’ family members indicate how often they experience common symptoms of anxiety. Total scores range from 0–21. Higher scores indicate more intense anxiety symptoms (Spitzer, Kroenke, Williams, & Lowe, 2006).
Family member burden	Zarit Burden Interview-Revised	Residents’ family members indicate the extent to which they endorse statements related to burden. Total scores range from 0 to 88. Higher scores indicate greater caregiving burden (Bachner & O’Rourke, 2007).
Family member Quality of Life	Caregiver Quality of Life Index-Revised (CQLI-R)	Residents’ family members rate their quality of life in 4 domains: physical, social, emotional, and financial. Total scores range from 0 to 40. Higher scores indicate greater quality of life (Courtney, Demiris, Parker Oliver, & Porock, 2005).
Family member satisfaction with nursing home care	Nursing Facility Family Satisfaction Questionnaire (NF-FSQ) - Modified	Residents’ family members indicate the extent to which they are satisfied with their relative’s nursing home care. Total scores range from 23–230. Higher scores indicate greater satisfaction with care (Castle, 2004).