Table 2.

Subgroup analysis: summary of results from the random effects models for individual markers based on histology sub-type.

Marker	Outcomes	Analysisa	Histologyb	Studies	Random Effects Model		Heterogeneity
					Overall effect (95% CIs)	P value	I2 (%)	τ2	P value
Podoplanin	OS/DSS	U	A	6	2.49 (1.90–3.26)	< 0.001	0	0.00	0.74
			S	3	1.78 (0.91–3.48)	0.093	58	0.20	0.093
		M	A	3	1.28 (0.67–2.45)	0.460	68	0.20	0.05
			S	2	2.50 (1.58–3.95)	< 0.001	0	0.00	0.59
	RFS/DFS	U	A	3	3.12 (2.17–4.49)	< 0.001	10	0.01	0.33
			S	3	2.30 (1.55–3.42)	< 0.001	0	0.00	0.89
		M	A	3	2.59 (1.19–5.65)	0.020	46	0.22	0.16
			S	2	2.04 (1.30–3.18)	0.002	0	0.00	0.94
α-SMA	OS/DSS	U	A	2	5.91 (3.49–10.00)	< 0.001	22	0.04	0.26

^aU univariate, M multivariate.

^bA adenocarcinoma, S squamous.