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. 2021 Feb 12;11:3774. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-83391-x

Table 4.

Clinical relevance and certainty of evidence provided by statistical difference in clinical and pathologic endpoints (dichotomous and numeric) between robotic vs. open pancreaticoduodenectomy.

Dichotomous endpoints RRR ARR (95%CI) NNT (95%CI) 95% prediction interval GRADE certainty of evidence
Postoperative overall morbidity 0.22 0.118 (0.086, 0.149) 9 (7, 12) 0.72, 1.02

Moderate

⊕⊕⊕◯

POPF rate 0.13 0.021 (0.004, 0.038) 47 (26, 267) 0.29, 2.74

Low

⊕⊕◯◯

DGE rate 0.03 0.005 (− 0.017, 0.026) 210 (> 38 to benefit, > 4 to harm) 0.51, 1.87

Very low

⊕◯◯◯

Incisional SSI rate 0.22 0.022 (0.004, 0.040) 46 (25, 243) 0.12, 1.70

Low

⊕⊕◯◯

Reoperation rate 0.01 0.000 (− 0.013, 0.014) 3,007 (> 76 to harm, > 72 to benefit) 0.61, 1.04

Very low

⊕◯◯◯

Margin involvement rate 0.22 0.044 (0.013, 0.075) 23 (13, 79) 0.15, 2.68

Moderate

⊕⊕⊕◯

Numeric endpoints MD (95% CI) Clinical importance of the MD 95% prediction interval GRADE certainty of evidence
Operating time 75.17 (48.05, 102.28) Moderate − 58.77, 209.11

Low

⊕⊕◯◯

Estimated blood loss − 191.35 (− 238.12, − 144.59) Low − 382.04, − 0.66

Moderate

⊕⊕⊕◯

Length of hospital stay − 1.00 (− 1.88, − 0.12) Moderate − 4.32, 2.32

Very low

⊕◯◯◯

Number of lymph nodes harvested 2.88 (1.12, 4.65) Moderate − 3.97, 9.73

Low

⊕⊕◯◯

RRR relative risk reduction; ARR absolute risk reduction; NNT numbers needed to treat; 95%CI 95% confidence interval; POPF postoperative pancreatic fistula; DGE delayed gastric emptying; SSI surgical site infection; MD mean difference.