Table 2.

Physical values of thermal properties of nanoparticles and base fluid.

Material	Base fluid	Nanoparticles
	H2O	F3O4	TiO
$\rho \left(\text{kg}/{\text{m}}^3\right)$	997.1	5200	425
$C_p\left(\text{J}/\text{kg}\text{K}\right)$	4179	670	6862
$k\left(\text{W}/\text{m}\text{K}\right)$	0.613	6	8.9538
${\beta }_T\times {10}^{-5}({\text{K}}^{-1})$	21	1.3	0.9
$\sigma$	0.05	25,000	$1\times {10}^{-12}$
Pr	6.2	–	–