Table 1.
Comparison of observed trends and accelerations with those from projections.
| Trend [mm yr−1] | Acceleration [mm yr−2] | |
|---|---|---|
| Altimeter GMSL | 2007–2018 | 1993–2018 |
| GIA-adjust | 4.0 ± 0.4 | 0.083 ± 0.053 |
| GPS-adjust | 4.0 ± 0.4 | 0.089 ± 0.054 |
| NASA/GSFC | 3.8 ± 0.3 | 0.053 ± 0.026 |
| GMSL reconstruction | 2007–2018 | 1970–2018 |
| D2019 | 3.7 ± 0.3 | 0.062 ± 0.014 |
| CW2011 | 3.7 ± 0.5 | 0.066 ± 0.011 |
| AR5 projections | 2007–2018 | 2007–2032 |
| RCP2.6 | 3.9 ± 0.6 | 0.035 ± 0.052 |
| RCP4.5 | 3.8 ± 0.6 | 0.048 ± 0.048 |
| RCP8.5 | 3.9 ± 0.5 | 0.067 ± 0.049 |
| SROCC projections | 2007–2018 | 2007–2032 |
| RCP2.6 | 3.8 ± 0.6 | 0.036 ± 0.052 |
| RCP4.5 | 3.7 ± 0.6 | 0.052 ± 0.050 |
| RCP8.5 | 3.9 ± 0.6 | 0.084 ± 0.056 |
| TG weighted mean at TG locations | 2007–2018 | 1970–2018 |
| TG | 3.6 ± 1.7 | 0.063 ± 0.120 |
| AR5 regional weighted mean at TG locations | 2007–2018 | 2007–2032 |
| RCP2.6 | 4.0 ± 1.3 | 0.021 ± 0.085 |
| RCP4.5 | 3.7 ± 0.9 | 0.053 ± 0.063 |
| RCP8.5 | 3.9 ± 0.8 | 0.073 ± 0.088 |
| SROCC regional weighted mean at TG locations | 2007–2018 | 2007–2032 |
| RCP2.6 | 3.9 ± 1.3 | 0.020 ± 0.085 |
| RCP4.5 | 3.6 ± 0.9 | 0.056 ± 0.063 |
| RCP8.5 | 3.8 ± 0.8 | 0.089 ± 0.087 |
| AR5_lp regional weighted mean at TG locations | 2007–2018 | 2007–2032 |
| RCP2.6 | 4.1 ± 1.3 | 0.041 ± 0.022 |
| RCP4.5 | 3.9 ± 1.3 | 0.053 ± 0.019 |
| RCP8.5 | 4.1 ± 1.3 | 0.072 ± 0.024 |
Global mean and regional weighted-mean sea-level trends [mm yr−1] at tide-gauge (TG) stations over the common period (2007–2018) and accelerations [mm yr−2] during the whole study period of each data. Altimeter and reconstructed global-mean sea level (GMSL) have the climate variability related to the El Niño—Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) removed over the whole period of the records. The uncertainties represent the 90% confidence level. The satellite altimeter observations with instrumental drifts corrected are from the Australian Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) based on glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA-adjust) and Global Positioning System (GPS-adjust), as well as from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Space Flight Centre (NASA/GSFC). The GMSL reconstructions are from ref. 13 (D2019) and ref. 12 (CW2011). The sea-level projections are including the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fifth Assessment Report (AR5), Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate (SROCC) and the low-pass filtered AR5 projections (AR5_lp) under three Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) scenarios.