Effect of AMD serum-derived exosomes on endothelial tubule formation, determined by using a V2a AngioKit and serum-derived exosomes from wet AMD and dry patients with AMD. VEGF = positive control. Suramin = negative control. Results were significant for wet AMD and dry AMD (P [analysis of variance] = 0.0006, 0.0017, and 0.0001). Data represent mean values ± SD (*P ≤ 0.05, **P ≤ 0.01, ***P ≤ 0.001).