Table 2.
Sensitivity, specificity, and TPC for each individual symptom computed on the UK-discovery cohort.
| 3-day analysis | 7-day analysis | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sensitivity (%) | Specificity (%) | TPC | Sensitivity (%) | Specificity (%) | TPC | ||||||||
| Symptom | Age group | UK | US | UK | US | UK | US | UK | US | UK | US | UK | US |
| Headache | All | 66.8 | 70.9 | 52.4 | 49.7 | 76 | 30 | 75.6 | 81.0 | 48.3 | 45.4 | 70 | 29 |
| [18–54] | 67.8 | 73.8 | 50.7 | 48.6 | 67 | 27 | 76.9 | 83.3 | 46.2 | 43.1 | 62 | 27 | |
| [55+] | 63.1 | 67.6 | 55.8 | 50.7 | 111 | 34 | 71.2 | 78.4 | 52.6 | 47.5 | 102 | 31 | |
| Fatigue | All | 64.9 | 73.4 | 53.7 | 47.2 | 76 | 31 | 77.8 | 87.3 | 49.7 | 42.8 | 66 | 28 |
| [18–54] | 64.2 | 71.4 | 53.5 | 49.5 | 66 | 28 | 76.9 | 92.9 | 49.2 | 44.6 | 58 | 24 | |
| [55+] | 67.5 | 75.7 | 53.9 | 45.1 | 108 | 34 | 81.2 | 81.1 | 50.7 | 41.0 | 93 | 34 | |
| Sore throat | All | 47.3 | 36.7 | 59.1 | 59.1 | 92 | 47 | 54.8 | 49.4 | 55.8 | 55.9 | 82 | 38 |
| [18–54] | 48.6 | 45.2 | 56.1 | 53.8 | 83 | 40 | 55.3 | 54.8 | 52.4 | 49.9 | 76 | 36 | |
| [55+] | 42.9 | 27.0 | 65.4 | 64.2 | 127 | 60 | 53.1 | 43.2 | 62.9 | 61.6 | 107 | 41 | |
| Persistent cough | All | 35.9 | 55.7 | 86.3 | 76.5 | 41 | 18 | 43.4 | 65.8 | 84.6 | 73.1 | 37 | 18 |
| [18–54] | 35.8 | 50.0 | 85.6 | 78.2 | 37 | 18 | 42.9 | 61.9 | 83.8 | 74.4 | 34 | 17 | |
| [55+] | 36.1 | 62.2 | 87.6 | 74.9 | 55 | 19 | 45.4 | 70.3 | 86.2 | 71.8 | 47 | 19 | |
| Fever | All | 35.3 | 34.2 | 88.9 | 86.6 | 34 | 17 | 44.8 | 49.4 | 87.0 | 83.4 | 30 | 15 |
| [18–54] | 35.8 | 35.7 | 88.4 | 86.5 | 30 | 15 | 45.0 | 47.6 | 86.3 | 82.6 | 27 | 15 | |
| [55+] | 33.3 | 32.4 | 89.9 | 86.7 | 48 | 19 | 44.2 | 51.4 | 88.4 | 84.1 | 41 | 15 | |
| Myalgia | All | 32.2 | 43.0 | 86.1 | 82.9 | 46 | 17 | 43.8 | 59.5 | 84.2 | 79.6 | 37 | 15 |
| [18–54] | 32.8 | 42.9 | 86.2 | 85.1 | 39 | 14 | 44.8 | 61.9 | 84.2 | 81.8 | 32 | 12 | |
| [55+] | 30.2 | 43.2 | 85.7 | 80.8 | 75 | 21 | 40.4 | 56.8 | 84.1 | 77.6 | 61 | 19 | |
| Hoarse voice | All | 23.7 | 31.6 | 89.9 | 88.0 | 46 | 17 | 33.7 | 44.3 | 88.0 | 84.8 | 37 | 15 |
| [18–54] | 23.1 | 33.3 | 89.9 | 87.6 | 41 | 15 | 33.4 | 40.5 | 87.8 | 84.4 | 33 | 16 | |
| [55+] | 25.8 | 29.7 | 90.0 | 88.4 | 62 | 19 | 34.6 | 48.6 | 88.4 | 85.2 | 52 | 15 | |
| Skipped meals | All | 22.8 | 34.2 | 88.9 | 80.1 | 52 | 25 | 33.0 | 57.0 | 87.5 | 77.0 | 39 | 18 |
| [18–54] | 22.5 | 38.1 | 89.1 | 82.5 | 45 | 18 | 32.4 | 54.8 | 87.5 | 79.3 | 35 | 15 | |
| [55+] | 23.8 | 29.7 | 88.6 | 77.8 | 76 | 34 | 35.4 | 59.5 | 87.5 | 74.8 | 55 | 20 | |
| Chest pain | All | 22.5 | 21.5 | 89.1 | 86.3 | 52 | 27 | 33.7 | 32.9 | 87.4 | 83.0 | 39 | 22 |
| [18–54] | 23.1 | 14.3 | 88.6 | 85.9 | 46 | 38 | 34.3 | 28.6 | 86.6 | 81.3 | 35 | 26 | |
| [55+] | 20.6 | 29.7 | 90.1 | 86.7 | 76 | 21 | 31.5 | 37.8 | 88.9 | 84.5 | 54 | 19 | |
| Anosmia/ageusia | All | 21.8 | 13.9 | 96.1 | 95.7 | 20 | 14 | 48.7 | 46.8 | 95.4 | 94.7 | 10 | 6 |
| [18–54] | 22.9 | 9.5 | 95.8 | 95.4 | 17 | 19 | 51.3 | 47.6 | 95.0 | 94.2 | 9 | 6 | |
| [55+] | 17.5 | 18.9 | 96.7 | 96.0 | 30 | 10 | 39.2 | 45.9 | 96.2 | 95.1 | 16 | 6 | |
| Dyspnoea | All | 20.4 | 22.8 | 89.9 | 86.1 | 53 | 26 | 32.3 | 39.2 | 88.0 | 83.1 | 38 | 19 |
| [18–54] | 21.3 | 19.0 | 90.0 | 86.3 | 43 | 28 | 33.3 | 40.5 | 87.9 | 82.5 | 32 | 17 | |
| [55+] | 17.1 | 27.0 | 89.8 | 85.9 | 95 | 24 | 28.5 | 37.8 | 88.3 | 83.7 | 64 | 20 | |
| Diarrhoea | All | 19.1 | 19.0 | 82.5 | 76.8 | 97 | 51 | 27.1 | 38.0 | 80.3 | 72.9 | 74 | 30 |
| [18–54] | 19.7 | 16.7 | 82.5 | 76.9 | 81 | 53 | 28.0 | 38.1 | 80.1 | 72.7 | 63 | 28 | |
| [55+] | 16.7 | 21.6 | 82.5 | 76.6 | 165 | 50 | 23.8 | 37.8 | 80.8 | 73.0 | 123 | 33 | |
| Abdominal pain | All | 14.1 | 16.5 | 83.4 | 82.2 | 124 | 45 | 21.3 | 31.6 | 81.3 | 79.5 | 90 | 28 |
| [18–54] | 13.6 | 19.0 | 83.6 | 84.1 | 110 | 33 | 21.7 | 31.0 | 81.3 | 81.3 | 76 | 24 | |
| [55+] | 15.9 | 13.5 | 82.9 | 80.4 | 169 | 66 | 20.0 | 32.4 | 81.2 | 77.9 | 143 | 32 | |
| Delirium | All | 8.5 | 12.7 | 92.4 | 89.9 | 95 | 34 | 13.5 | 26.6 | 91.2 | 87.8 | 66 | 20 |
| [18–54] | 8.3 | 14.3 | 92.9 | 90.4 | 79 | 26 | 13.4 | 21.4 | 91.7 | 87.7 | 55 | 23 | |
| [55+] | 9.1 | 10.8 | 91.4 | 89.4 | 148 | 45 | 13.8 | 32.4 | 90.4 | 87.8 | 107 | 18 | |
TPC = Tests per case.