. 2020 Jun 30;223(3):462–470. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa373

Table 2.

Associations of Inflammatory Markers and Cellular Activation Markers With Sex

Markers and Activation	Median Value (IQR)		P Value	Body Mass Index
	Male Participants	Female Participants		Spearman r	P Value
Soluble inflammatory markers (N = 295)
IL-6, pg/mL	1.4 (0.9–2.0)	2.0 (1.1–3.0)	.002^a	0.3	<.001^a
CXCL10, pg/mL	120 (84–164)	128 (93–157)	.7	0.09	.13
Neopterin, pg/mL	9.3 (7.3–11.0)	8.7 (7.0–11.5)	.49	0.01	.84
sCD14, µg/mL	1.9 (1.4–2.4)	2.2 (1.7–2.5)	.02^a	−0.02	.74
sCD163, pg/mL	522 (381–732)	580 (437–916)	.05^a	0.11	.07^a
TNF, pg/mL	2.0 (1.2–3.4)	1.7 (1.1–2.9)	.32	0.05	.40
Activation of CD4⁺ T cells, % (n = 98)^b
CD38⁺ HLA-DR⁺	3.9 (3.0–5.5)	3.3 (2.2–4.5)	.09	−0.18	.08
PD-1⁺	39.1 (18.2–57.3)	49.8 (22.1–69.4)	.22	−0.08	.45
PD-1^hi	0.3 (0.1–0.9)	0.4 (0.2–0.7)	.78	−0.01	.93
Ki-67⁺	0.6 (0.5–1.0)	0.5 (0.4–0.7)	.26	−0.12	.26
Activation of CD8⁺ T cells, % (n = 98)^b
CD38⁺ HLA-DR⁺	8.5 (4.6–14.7)	10.2 (6.8–13.7)	.56	−0.17	.10
PD-1⁺	33.3 (16.9–62.0)	57.0 (25.9–71.0)	.14	−0.1	.33
PD-1^hi	0.4 (0.2–0.9)	0.4 (0.2–0.6)	.91	0.02	.88
Ki-67⁺	0.5 (0.3–0.9)	0.4 (0.4–0.9)	.85	−0.07	.47

Abbreviations: IL-6, interleukin 6; TNF, tumor necrosis factor; sCD14, soluble CD14, sCD163, soluble CD163.

^aSignificant at P < .05.

^bFor PD-1 expression, n = 92.