TABLE 2.
Comparison of the patients with and without HF-related hospitalization
| Characteristics | Patients without HF-related hospitalization (n=241) | Patients with HF-related hospitalization (n=445) | p |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 62.3±12.4 | 64.4±12.4 | 0.034 |
| Gender (Female) % | 32.4 | 32.6 | 0.953 |
| Urban life | |||
| Hypertension % | 33.6 | 38 | 0.257 |
| Diabetes mellitus % | 25.3 | 25.6 | 0.930 |
| CAD % | 44.4 | 51 | 0.098 |
| Widowed % | 14.1 | 20.2 | 0.047 |
| NYHA Class III-IV % | 34.4 | 53 | <0.001 |
| AF % | 22 | 23.8 | 0.588 |
| Heart rate (bpm) | 81.6±17.8 | 82.3±18.5 | 0.612 |
| Laboratory parameters | |||
| BUN (mg/dl) | 40.6 (27.5–63) | 36 (22–52) | 0.004 |
| Creatinine (mg/dl) | 1.2±0.6 | 1.5±0.8 | <0.001 |
| Sodium (mmol/l) | 138.3±4.4 | 137.6±4.1 | 0.047 |
| Potassium (mmol/l) | 4.51±0.5 | 4.53±0.5 | 0.555 |
| NT-proBNP (pg/ml) | 704 (368–1464) | 1805 (714–4870) | <0.001 |
| Hb (g/dl) | 13.1±2.1 | 12.2±2.2 | <0.001 |
| Htc (%) | 40.1±6.1 | 37.9±6.4 | <0.001 |
| Echocardiographic parameters | |||
| LA diameter (mm) | 44.5±7.5 | 44.8±7.1 | 0.601 |
| LVEF (%) | 32.4±8.2 | 30.8±8.1 | 0.015 |
| LVEDD (mm) | 57.1+8.8 | 57.7±8.4 | 0.449 |
| RV dilatation % | 36.5 | 37.1 | 0.884 |
| SPAP (mmHg) | 40.4±13.3 | 43.3±12.9 | 0.007 |
| Medications | |||
| Beta blocker % | 85.5 | 80.2 | 0.087 |
| ACEI/ARB % | 75.5 | 72.4 | 0.415 |
| MRA % | 53.5 | 48.3 | 0.192 |
| Loop diuretics % | 69.7 | 76.9 | 0.041 |
| Ivabradine % | 12.4 | 11.5 | 0.702 |
| Digoxin 5 | 25.3 | 22.5 | 0.402 |
| Outcome | |||
| All cause death % | 20.7 | 32.6 | 0.001 |
CAD: Coronary artery disease; NYHA-FC: New York heart association functional capacity; AF: Atrial fibrillation; Hb: Hemoglobin; Hct: Hematocrit; LA: Left atrium; LVEF: Left ventricular ejection fraction; LVEDD: Left ventricular end diastolic diameter; RV: Right ventricular; SPAP: Systolic pulmonary artery pressure; ACEI/ARB: Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker; MRA: Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist.