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. 2021 Feb 12;12:128. doi: 10.1186/s13287-021-02186-z

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 1 — CHI mouse serum pre-treatment led to Akt activation in iNSCs. a–d RT-QPCR was utilized to determine the expression of the Erk (a), P38 (b), Jnk (c), and Akt (d) genes in iNSCs among the PBS (iNSCs receiving PBS pre-treatment), HI-CHI (iNSCs receiving HI-CHI mouse serum pre-treatment), and CHI (iNSCs receiving CHI mouse serum pre-treatment) groups following treatment with CHI mouse serum for 45 min (n = 3/group; one-way ANOVA, **P < 0.01 versus PBS and HI-CHI groups, respectively). e Representative immunoblots depicting the levels of p-AKT and AKT in iNSCs among the three groups after CHI mouse serum treatment. f–h Histograms showing the relative levels of p-AKT (f), AKT (g), and p-AKT/AKT (h) in iNSCs among the three groups following treatment with CHI mouse serum (n = 6/group; one-way ANOVA, ***P < 0.001 versus PBS and HI-CHI groups, respectively)