Table 3:
Key studies for CDL.
| Study/year | n | Treatment | Control | Follow-up (days) | Submassive PE n(%) | Massive PE n(%) | Results | Complications |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ULTIMA/2013[50] | 59 | tPA-USAT (20 mg) | Heparin | 90 | 59 (100) | 0 (0) | RV/LV ratio reduced from 1.28±0.19 to 0.99±0.17 at 24 h (P<0.001) | 3 minor bleeds |
| SEATTLE II/2015 | 150 | tPA-USAT (24 mg) | No control | 30 | 119 (79) | 31(21) | RV/LV ratio reduced from 1.55 to 1.13 at 48 h (P<0.0001) | 1 major bleed 16 moderate bleeds |
| OPTALYSE PE/ 2018 | 101 | tPA-USAT (8–24 mg) | Compared 4 tPA protocols | 3 | 101 (100) | 0 (0) | RV/LV ratio reduced in all arms | 4 major bleeding 1 recurrent PE 1 death at 30 days and an additional death at 1 year |
CDL: Catheter-directed thrombolysis, GUSTO: Global utilization of streptokinase and tissue plasminogen activator for occluded coronary arteries trial, USAT: Ultrasound assisted thrombolysis, RV: Right ventricle, LV: Left ventricle