Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of Study Patients
| Variable | All participants | PA | No PA | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 146 | 91 | 55 | |
| Age (years) | 56 [47, 64] | 55 [48, 64] | 57 [46, 66] | .85 |
| Sex (n men, %) | 76 (52.1) | 55 (60.4) | 21 (38.2) | .009 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 32.6 [28.5, 36.9] | 32.6 [28.8, 36.7] | 32.5 [27.7, 37.2] | .86 |
| SBP (mm Hg) | 150 [134, 171] | 148 [130, 161] | 160 [141, 179] | .02 |
| DBP (mm Hg) | 81 [74, 90] | 82 [74, 90] | 81 [71, 98] | .15 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 83 [61, 97] | 83 [60, 94] | 82 [69, 100] | .91 |
| Serum potassium (mM) | 3.8 [3.5, 4.2] | 3.7 [3.4, 4.1] | 4.0 [3.6, 4.3] | .009 |
| PAC (ng/dL) | 19.1 [12.9, 27.7] | 23.3 [16.9, 31.9] | 12.2 [8.3, 20.0] | <.0001 |
| PRA (ng/mL/h) [n = 114] | 0.5 [0.1, 0.8] | 0.3 [0.1, 0.6] | 0.8 [0.3, 3.1] | <.0001 |
| DRC (pg/mL) [n = 32] | 3.6 [2.1, 8.2] | 2.1 [2.1, 6.8] | 5.6 [2.1, 9.4] | .20 |
| Suppressed renin cases (n, %) | 121 (82.3) | 87 (94.5) | 34 (61.8) | <.0001 |
| ARR (ng/dL per ng/mL/h) | 40.3 [18.5, 102.7] | 73.3 [35.5, 152.5] | 14.0 [5.7, 30.3] | <.0001 |
| Diabetes mellitus (n, %) | 52 (35.6) | 28 (30.8) | 24 (43.6) | .12 |
| Cardiovascular disease (n, %) | 41 (28.1) | 21 (23.1) | 20 (36.4) | .08 |
| Stroke (n, %) | 17 (11.6) | 7 (7.7) | 10 (18.2) | .06 |
| Antihypertensive agents (n) | 3.0 [2.0, 4.0] | 3.0 [2.0, 4.0] | 3.0 [1.3, 4.0] | .64 |
| Alpha-blocker (n, %) | 15 (10.3) | 10 (11.0) | 5 (9.1) | .71 |
| Beta-blocker (n, %) | 88 (61.0) | 56 (61.5) | 33 (60.0) | .85 |
| Central agonists (n, %) | 38 (26.0) | 23 (25.3) | 15 (27.3) | .79 |
| Potassium-wasting diuretics (n, %) | 67 (45.9) | 41 (45.1) | 26 (47.3) | .79 |
| Potassium-sparing diuretics (n, %) | 9 (6.2) | 6 (6.6) | 3 (5.5) | .78 |
| RAAS inhibitors (n, %) | 81 (55.5) | 43 (47.3) | 38 (69.1) | .01 |
| Ca blocker (n, %) | 91 (62.3) | 66 (72.5) | 25 (45.5) | .001 |
| Other antihypertensives (n, %) | 9 (6.2) | 7 (7.7) | 2 (3.6) | .32 |
| Potassium replacement (n, %) | 52 (35.6) | 44 (48.4) | 8 (14.5) | <.0001 |
Abbreviations: ARR = aldosterone/renin ratio; BMI = body mass index; DBP = diastolic blood pressure; DRC = direct renin concentration; eGFR = estimated glomerular filtration rate; PA = primary aldosteronism; PAC = plasma aldosterone concentration; PRA = plasma renin activity; SBP = systolic blood pressure.
Data are shown as median [interquartile range] or number (n) and %. Comparisons between groups were performed using the Mann Whitney U test for continuous variables or Chi-squared test for categorical variables.