Table 5.

List of impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on supply chains.

Impacted area	Specific impact	References
Demand management	Demand spikes for essential products	Govindan et al., 2020, Gunessee and Subramanian, 2020, Hakovirta and Denuwara, 2020, Handfield et al., 2020, Hobbs, 2020, Ivanov and Dolgui, 2020a, Iyengar et al., 2020, Jabbour et al., 2020; Ketchen and Craighead, 2020, Leite et al., 2020, Mehrotra et al., 2020, Mollenkopf et al., 2020, Nikolopoulos et al., 2020, Okorie et al., 2020, Paul and Chowdhury, 2020a, Paul and Chowdhury, 2020b, Queiroz et al., 2020, Sharma et al., 2020a, Trautrims et al., 2020, van Hoek, 2020, Yuen et al., 2020, Zhu et al., 2020
	Shortage of essential products	Deaton and Deaton, 2020, Farias and Araújo, 2020, Hobbs, 2020, Jabbour et al., 2020; Kumar et al., 2020, Larrañeta et al., 2020, Mollenkopf et al., 2020, Paul and Chowdhury, 2020a, Queiroz et al., 2020, Rowan and Laffey, 2020, Sharma et al., 2020a, Shokrani et al., 2020, Siche, 2020, van Barneveld et al., 2020, Zhu and Krikke, 2020
	Loss of security with respect to essential items	Cappelli and Cini, 2020, Reardon et al., 2020, Siche, 2020
	Failure of on-time delivery	Ivanov and Das (2020)
	Declining demand for non-essential products	Abhishek et al., 2020, Chiaramonti and Maniatis, 2020, Derevyankina and Yankovskaya, 2020, Gurbuz and Ozkan, 2020, Handfield et al., 2020, Ibn-Mohammed et al., 2021, Ivanov and Dolgui, 2020a, Majumdar et al., 2020, Nikolopoulos et al., 2020
	Ambiguity or difficulty in forecasting	Gunessee and Subramanian (2020)
Supply management	Shortage of material supply/supply-side shock/supply disruption	Baveja et al., 2020, Gunessee and Subramanian, 2020, Gupta et al., 2020, Handfield et al., 2020, Hobbs, 2020, Ishida, 2020, Ivanov and Das, 2020, Ivanov and Dolgui, 2020a, Iyengar et al., 2020, Leite et al., 2020, Lozano-Diez et al., 2020, Nikolopoulos et al., 2020, Paul and Chowdhury, 2020a, Paul and Chowdhury, 2020b, Singh et al., 2020, van Hoek, 2020, Xu et al., 2020a, Zhu et al., 2020
Production management	Production disruption and backlog	Ivanov and Das, 2020, Iyengar et al., 2020, Lozano-Diez et al., 2020, Mehrotra et al., 2020, Paul and Chowdhury, 2020a, Quayson et al., 2020, Richards and Rickard, 2020, Shokrani et al., 2020
	Reduced production capacity	Leite et al., 2020, Paul and Chowdhury, 2020b
	Unavailability of workforce	Gunessee and Subramanian, 2020, Kumar et al., 2020, Leite et al., 2020, Mollenkopf et al., 2020, Trautrims et al., 2020, Xu et al., 2020a
	Obsolescence and impairment of machinery and capital assets	Dente and Hashimoto, 2020, Derevyankina and Yankovskaya, 2020
Transportation and logistics management	Delays in transportation and distribution	Chiaramonti and Maniatis, 2020, Deaton and Deaton, 2020, Gray, 2020, Kumar et al., 2020, Xu et al., 2020a
	Lack of international transportation/trade	Deaton and Deaton, 2020, Handfield et al., 2020, Ibn-Mohammed et al., 2021, Xu et al., 2020a
	Loss/lack of physical distribution channels	Choi, 2020a, Dente and Hashimoto, 2020, Ivanov and Dolgui, 2020a, Ketchen and Craighead, 2020, Mollenkopf et al., 2020, Richards and Rickard, 2020
	Shift of distribution and logistics pattern (offline to online or blended)	Mollenkopf et al. (2020)
Relationship management	Reduced social interaction	Baveja et al., 2020, Kumar et al., 2020
	Information ambiguity	Gunessee and Subramanian (2020)
	Lack of supplier engagement/opportunistic behavior	van Hoek (2020)
Supply chain-wide impact (causing impacts in internal, upstream and downstream operations)	Ripple effect on all the operations involved in supply chains	Gunessee and Subramanian, 2020, Ivanov, 2020a, Ivanov and Dolgui, 2020a, Ivanov and Dolgui, 2020b, Queiroz et al., 2020, Yuen et al., 2020
	Supply chain collapse	Handfield et al., 2020, Ivanov and Dolgui, 2020b, Ivanov and Dolgui, 2020c, Shokrani et al., 2020, Siche, 2020, Yuen et al., 2020
	Closure of facilities, including both companies’ production facilities and the facilities of supply chain partners such as suppliers and distributors	Ishida, 2020, Quayson et al., 2020, Xu et al., 2020a, Yu and Aviso, 2020
Financial management	Reduced supply chain financial performance (e.g. loss/reduction of financial stability)	Baveja et al., 2020, Chiaramonti and Maniatis, 2020, Deaton and Deaton, 2020, Derevyankina and Yankovskaya, 2020, Guan et al., 2020, Hakovirta and Denuwara, 2020, Ivanov, 2020a, Ivanov and Das, 2020
	Reduced cash inflow	Hakovirta and Denuwara (2020)
Sustainability management	Lack of focus on social and environmental sustainability practices/disruption of sustainability initiatives	Majumdar et al., 2020, Sharma et al., 2020a, van Barneveld et al., 2020
	Threats to the health and safety of the workforce	Gunessee and Subramanian, 2020, Hakovirta and Denuwara, 2020, Mollenkopf et al., 2020, Rizou et al., 2020, Trautrims et al., 2020, van Barneveld et al., 2020
	Contraction of the development of green and low-carbon energy sources	Hosseini (2020)
	Increase in waste	Dente and Hashimoto, 2020, Derevyankina and Yankovskaya, 2020, Farias and Araújo, 2020, Sharma et al., 2020b, Trautrims et al., 2020
	Increased in recyclable materials	Rahman et al. (2021)