Table 1.

Nocardiosis (Cerebral and/or Disseminated) Associated With Pulmonar Alveolar Proteinosis With or Whithout Anti-GM-CSF Autoantibodies

Number of Patients/ Date/Country	Age/Sex	Infectious Focus	Species	Anti-GM-CSF Antibodies	Treatment	Evolution	Ref
32 patients	65% male	75% pulmonar (n = 24)	Nocardia asteroides 19 (59%)	Not performed	Unspecified antibiotherapy (n = 20) Surgery (n = 6)	41% died	5
1950–2010	35% female	19% (n = 6) cerebral	Nocardia brasiliensis 1 (3%)
Worldwide	Mean age 35	6% other (n = 2)	Nocardia farcinica 1 (3%)
			Nocardia spp 11 (34%)
1 patient	37/male	Pulmonar	NA	Presence	NA	NA	6
2010
Japan
2 patients	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	7
1990–2010 China
1 patient	50/male	Pulmonar	N farcinica	Not performed	Amikacin 6 weeks and TMP-SMX 6 months	Full recovery	8
2014
Spain
1 patient	42/male	Cerebral abscesses	N asteroids	Not performed	TMP-SMX, meropenem and amikacin 2 months, relayed TMP-SMX	No improvement	9
2015
Iran
1 patient	49/male	Cerebral abscess	N farcinica	Not performed	12 months of AMC and minocycline	Full recovery	10
2017
Spain
1 patient	NA	NA	NA	Not performed	Adapted antibiotherapy (not specified)	Full recovery	11
2002–2016
Brazil
1 patient	62/male	Pulmonar	N brasiliensis	Presence	Amikacin 6 weeks and TMP-SMX 6 months	Full recovery	12
2020
United States
1 patient	40/male	Cerebral abscess	Nocardia abscessus	Presence	Meropenem 6 weeks and TMP-SMX 12 months	Full recovery	Our case
2018
France

Abbreviations: AMC, amoxicillin/clavulanate; GM-CSF, granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor; NA, not available; Ref, reference; TMP-SMX, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.