Table 3.
Point Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Pain by Anatomical Site, Sex and Age
| Pain Site | Sex | Age Group | P-value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 18–29 | 30–39 | 40–49 | 50–59 | ≥60 | |||
| Shoulder | Male | 12.37 (9.03–16.71) | 13.16 (9.37–18.16) | 7.32 (3.90–13.32) | 16.50 (10.57–24.85) | 14.86 (8.51–24.69) | 0.290 |
| Female | 17.14 (12.94–22.36) | 17.83 (12.64–24.57) | 20.49 (14.28–28.50) | 16.67 (10.37–25.69) | 11.11 (5.19–22.19) | 0.669 | |
| Upper Arm | Male | 1.41 (0.55–3.58) | 3.95 (2.09–7.33) | 4.88 (2.25–10.23) | 1.94 (0.53–6.81) | 2.70 (0.74–9.33) | 0.261 |
| Female | 3.27 (1.66–6.31) | 3.18 (1.37–7.24) | 0.00 (0.00–3.05) | 0.00 (0.00–4.09) | 1.85 (0.33–9.77) | 0.131 | |
| Elbow | Male | 1.41 (0.55–3.58) | 2.19 (0.94–5.03) | 1.63 (0.45–5.74) | 0.97 (0.17–5.30) | 4.05 (1.39–11.25) | 0.575 |
| Female | 0.41 (7e-04–2.28) | 3.18 (1.37–7.24) | 2.46 (0.84–6.98) | 4.44 (1.74–10.88) | 1.85 (0.33–9.77) | 0.146 | |
| Forearm | Male | 1.77 (0.76–4.07) | 2.19 (0.94–5.03) | 1.63 (0.45–5.74) | 4.85 (2.09–10.86) | 4.05 (1.39–11.25) | 0.376 |
| Female | 3.27 (1.66–6.31) | 1.27 (0.35–4.53) | 0.82 (0.14–4.50) | 5.56 (2.40–12.35) | 1.85 (0.33–9.77) | 0.172 | |
| Wrist/Hand | Male | 3.53 (1.93–6.38) | 1.75 (0.68–4.42) | 1.63 (0.45–5.74) | 5.83 (2.70–12.13) | 8.11 (3.77–16.58) | 0.045 |
| Female | 3.27 (1.66–6.31) | 3.18 (1.37–7.24) | 4.10 (1.76–9.24) | 10.00 (5.35–17.92) | 1.85 (0.33–9.77) | 0.056 | |
| Head | Male | 12.72 (9.33–17.11) | 10.09 (6.82–14.68) | 12.20 (7.53–19.15) | 15.53 (9.79–23.75) | 16.22 (9.53–26.24) | 0.555 |
| Female | 14.69 (10.81–19.67) | 23.57 (17.61–30.79) | 19.67 (13.59–27.60) | 15.56 (9.50–24.43) | 5.56 (1.91–15.11) | 0.022 | |
| Neck | Male | 6.36 (4.06–9.83) | 12.28 (8.63–17.18) | 11.38 (6.90–18.20) | 17.48 (11.35–25.94) | 17.57 (10.56–27.77) | 0.007 |
| Female | 17.14 (12.94–22.36) | 13.38 (8.92–19.58) | 13.11 (8.24–20.25) | 10.00 (5.35–17.92) | 5.56 (1.91–15.11) | 0.158 | |
| Thoracic | Male | 13.07 (9.64–17.50) | 10.96 (7.54–15.69) | 8.13 (4.48–14.32) | 12.62 (7.53–20.40) | 13.51 (7.51–23.12) | 0.650 |
| Female | 13.88 (10.10–18.77) | 12.74 (8.40–18.86) | 6.56 (3.36–12.41) | 17.78 (11.25–26.94) | 11.11 (5.19–22.19) | 0.151 | |
| Lumbar | Male | 19.43 (15.25–24.44) | 28.07 (22.64–34.23) | 28.46 (21.23–36.99) | 32.04 (23.81–41.56) | 36.49 (26.44–47.87) | 0.010 |
| Female | 31.43 (25.94–37.49) | 32.48 (25.65–40.15) | 32.79 (25.09–41.53) | 21.11 (13.95–30.63) | 37.04 (25.42–50.37) | 0.249 | |
| Hip/Pelvis | Male | 1.41 (0.55–3.58) | 2.19 (0.94–5.03) | 1.63 (0.45–5.74) | 2.91 (1.00–8.22) | 13.51 (7.51–23.12) | 0.000 |
| Female | 6.12 (3.75–9.85) | 2.55 (1.00–6.37) | 6.56 (3.36–12.41) | 14.44 (8.64–23.16) | 9.26 (4.02–19.91) | 0.009 | |
| Thigh | Male | 11.66 (8.42–15.92) | 13.16 (9.37–18.16) | 8.94 (5.07–15.31) | 10.68 (6.07–18.12) | 17.57 (10.56–27.77) | 0.445 |
| Female | 19.59 (15.11–25.01) | 13.38 (8.92–19.58) | 12.30 (7.59–19.30) | 11.11 (6.15–19.26) | 3.70 (1.02–12.54) | 0.019 | |
| Knee | Male | 12.37 (9.03–16.71) | 17.98 (13.54–23.48) | 19.51 (13.48–27.39) | 30.10 (22.09–39.54) | 39.19 (28.86–50.58) | 0.000 |
| Female | 17.96 (13.66–23.25) | 14.01 (9.44–20.31) | 28.69 (21.41–37.27) | 46.67 (36.71–56.90) | 37.04 (25.42–50.37) | 0.000 | |
| Leg | Male | 24.03 (19.42–29.33) | 25.44 (20.22–31.47) | 26.02 (19.07–34.41) | 24.27 (17.02–33.38) | 43.24 (32.57–54.59) | 0.018 |
| Female | 36.33 (30.56–42.52) | 28.03 (21.59–35.51) | 30.33 (22.87–38.98) | 38.89 (29.47–49.22) | 40.74 (28.68–54.03) | 0.209 | |
| Ankle/Foot | Male | 43.46 (37.81–49.29) | 37.72 (31.68–44.17) | 35.77 (27.85–44.56) | 24.27 (17.02–33.38) | 35.14 (25.24–46.50) | 0.015 |
| Female | 42.86 (36.82–49.12) | 40.76 (33.39–48.58) | 34.43 (26.59–43.22) | 41.11 (31.51–51.44) | 27.78 (17.62–40.89) | 0.216 | |
| Lower Extremitya | Male | 57.60 (51.78–63.22) | 60.09 (53.61–66.23) | 60.98 (52.15–69.14) | 59.22 (49.57–68.22) | 77.03 (66.25–85.13) | 0.049 |
| Female | 71.84 (65.90–77.10) | 66.24 (58.54–73.17) | 68.85 (60.17–76.39) | 78.89 (69.37–86.05) | 72.22 (59.11–82.38) | 0.304 | |
| Allb | Male | 69.96 (64.39–75.01) | 77.19 (71.32–82.16) | 80.49 (72.61–86.52) | 78.64 (69.77–85.45) | 83.78 (73.76–90.47) | 0.040 |
| Female | 85.71 (80.78–89.55) | 82.80 (76.13–87.90) | 86.89 (79.75–91.76) | 90.00 (82.08–94.65) | 87.04 (75.58–93.58) | 0.616 | |
Notes: aMusculoskeletal pain at the hip/pelvis, thigh, knee, leg and ankle/foot sites. bMusculoskeletal pain at any site. The results of point prevalence of musculoskeletal pain with 95% CIs are presented as percentages (%). Based on Pearson’s chi-squared tests, the values of statistically significant differences (P<0.05) between sexes (prevalence values) and age groups (P-values) are shown in bold.