Table 5.
Risk Ratios for the Most Common Sites of Musculoskeletal Pain in the Hajj Population by Sex, Age and BMI
| Variables | Model 1 (CRR)a | P-value | Model 2 (ARR)b | P-value | Model 1 (CRR)a | P-value | Model 2 (ARR)b | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ankle/Foot Pain | Leg Pain | ||||||||
| Sex | Male | 1 | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | 1 | - |
| Female | 1.05 (0.92–1.20) | 0.457 | 1.05 (0.92–1.20) | 0.444 | 1.28 (1.10–1.50) | 0.002 | 1.28 (1.09–1.49) | 0.002 | |
| Age (years) | 18–29 | 1 | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | 1 | - |
| 30–39 | 0.90 (0.77–1.06) | 0.204 | 0.90 (0.77–1.06) | 0.202 | 0.89 (0.72–1.10) | 0.286 | 0.88 (0.71–1.10) | 0.260 | |
| 40–49 | 0.81 (0.67–0.99) | 0.039 | 0.81 (0.66–0.99) | 0.045 | 0.95 (0.75–1.20) | 0.656 | 0.92 (0.72–1.17) | 0.494 | |
| 50–59 | 0.74 (0.59–0.93) | 0.011 | 0.74 (0.59–0.93) | 0.011 | 1.05 (0.82–1.34) | 0.725 | 1.03 (0.80–1.33) | 0.821 | |
| ≥60 | 0.74 (0.57–0.97) | 0.031 | 0.74 (0.56–0.97) | 0.032 | 1.42 (1.11–1.81) | 0.005 | 1.39 (1.08–1.78) | 0.010 | |
| BMI (kg/cm2) | <18.5 | 0.99 (0.72–1.37) | 0.969 | 0.97 (0.70–1.33) | 0.842 | 0.86 (0.55–1.33) | 0.492 | 0.85 (0.55–1.32) | 0.463 |
| 18.5–24.9 | 1 | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | |
| 25–29.9 | 0.85 (0.71–1.01) | 0.065 | 0.91 (0.76–1.08) | 0.278 | 1.03 (0.84–1.25) | 0.774 | 1.01 (0.83–1.24) | 0.914 | |
| ≥30 | 0.99 (0.85–1.15) | 0.872 | 1.07 (0.91–1.25) | 0.408 | 1.03 (0.85–1.24) | 0.791 | 1.01 (0.84–1.23) | 0.889 | |
| Low Back Pain | Knee Pain | ||||||||
| Sex | Male | 1 | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | 1 | - |
| Female | 1.17 (0.99–1.38) | 0.051 | 1.18 (1.01–1.39) | 0.045 | 1.24 (1.02–1.50) | 0.031 | 1.23 (1.02–1.48) | 0.029 | |
| Age (years) | 18–29 | 1 | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | 1 | - |
| 30–39 | 1.19 (0.97–1.48) | 0.101 | 1.13 (0.91–1.40) | 0.257 | 1.09 (0.81–1.48) | 0.564 | 1.06 (0.78–1.44) | 0.724 | |
| 40–49 | 1.22 (0.96–1.56) | 0.097 | 1.13 (0.89–1.45) | 0.323 | 1.61 (1.19–2.18) | 0.002 | 1.50 (1.10–2.05) | 0.010 | |
| 50–59 | 1.07 (0.82–1.41) | 0.594 | 0.98 (0.73–1.29) | 0.863 | 2.53 (1.93–3.32) | 0.000 | 2.33 (1.75–3.10) | 0.000 | |
| ≥60 | 1.47 (1.12–1.93) | 0.005 | 1.36 (1.03–1.80) | 0.028 | 2.56 (1.90–3.45) | 0.000 | 2.37 (1.74–3.22) | 0.000 | |
| BMI (kg/cm2) | <18.5 | 0.60 (0.33–1.07) | 0.086 | 0.62 (0.35–1.12) | 0.114 | 0.99 (0.57–1.74) | 0.979 | 1.06 (0.61–1.84) | 0.836 |
| 18.5–24.9 | 1 | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | |
| 25–29.9 | 1.11 (0.90–1.37) | 0.324 | 1.08 (0.87–1.33) | 0.494 | 1.28 (0.99–1.66) | 0.055 | 1.10 (0.85–1.42) | 0.458 | |
| ≥30 | 1.23 (1.02–1.48) | 0.033 | 1.20 (0.99–1.46) | 0.062 | 1.60 (1.27–2.00) | 0.000 | 1.30 (1.03–1.64) | 0.025 | |
Notes: aUnadjusted risk ratio. bRisk ratio adjusted for sex, age and BMI. The results are presented as risk ratios with 95% CIs. Based on log-binomial models, the P-values of statistically significant associations (P<0.05) are shown in bold.
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CRR, crude risk ratio; ARR, adjusted risk ratio; CI, confidence interval; kg, kilogram; cm, centimeter.