Table XIII.

Suggested antibiotic regimens for adults with Mycobacterium xenopi-pulmonary disease

M. xenopi-pulmonary disease	Antibiotic regimen
Non-severe M. xenopi-pulmonary disease (i.e., AFB smear-negative respiratory tract samples, no radiological evidence of lung cavitation or severe infection, mild-moderate symptoms, no signs of systemic illness)	Rifampicin 600 mg daily and ethambutol 15 mg/kg daily and azithromycin 250 mg/daily or clarithromycin 500 mg twice daily and moxifloxacin 400 mg daily or isoniazid 300 mg (+pyridoxine 10 mg) daily. Antibiotic treatment should continue for a minimum of 12 months after culture conversion.
Severe M. xenopi-pulmonary disease (i.e., AFB smear-positive respiratory tract samples, radiological evidence or lung cavitation/severe infection, or severe symptoms/signs of systemic illness)	Rifampicin 600 mg daily and ethambutol 15 mg/kg daily and azithromycin 250 mg/daily or clarithromycin 500 mg twice daily. Moxifloxacin 400 mg daily or isoniazid 300 mg (+pyridoxine 10 mg) daily and consider intravenous amikacin for up to 3 months or nebulized amikacin. Antibiotic treatment should continue for a minimum of 12 months after culture conversion.

Source: Reproduced with permission from Ref. 1