Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of study participants and control subjects with common obesity
| Patient characteristics | Subjects with ALMS (n = 12) | Control subjects (n = 11) | P |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 26.5 ± 9.7 | 29.7 ± 4.2 | 0.33 |
| Male, n (%) | 67 | 72 | 0.14 |
| Weight (kg) | 76.3 ± 14.4 | 88.1 ± 16.9 | 0.09 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 30.3 ± 6.2 | 29.9 ± 4.2 | 0.86 |
| WC (cm) | 96 ± 12 | 100 ± 13 | 0.41 |
| Subjects with diabetes, % | 67 | 0 | — |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 121 ± 11 | 120 ± 12 | 0.77 |
| Glucose (mmol/L) | 8.6 ± 5 | 4.8 ± 0.5 | 0.02 |
| Insulin (pmol/L) | 360 (245–478) | 31 (18–62) | <0.001 |
| HOMA-IR | 14.2 ± 9.6 | 1.2 ± 0.7 | <0.001 |
| QUICKI | 0.28 ± 0.05 | 0.38 ± 0.04 | <0.001 |
| M (mg/kg/min) | 1.94 ± 0.87 | 4.86 ± 2.37 | <0.001 |
| Gd (mg/kg/min) | 1.25 ± 0.85 | 3.65 ± 1.81 | <0.001 |
| EGP (mg/kg/min) | 1.6 (1.4–2.4) | 0.3 (0–1.9) | 0.03 |
| Hepatic insulin sensitivity disposition index | 0.002 ± 0.002 | 0.01 ± 0.01 | <0.001 |
| NEFA (mmol/L) | 0.72 ± 0.25 | 0.58 ± 0.23 | 0.18 |
| NEFA postinsulin (mmol/L) | 0.14 ± 0.09 | 0.02 ± 0.02 | <0.001 |
| NEFA_half_max | 511 ± 355 | 55 ± 24 | 0.00 |
| Adipose ISI (mmol/L × pmol/L) | 244.3 ± 169.4 | 23.27 ± 17.22 | 0.00 |
| Adiponectin (ng/mL) | 1,478 ± 756 | 7,310 ± 3,823 | <0.001 |
| Leptin (ng/mL) | 15.3 ± 11 | 5.8 ± 4.7 | 0.0259 |
| Ratio of adiponectin (µg/mL) to leptin (ng/mL) | 136 ± 108 | 2,960 ± 3,052 | 0.006 |
| Cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.4 ± 1 | 4.4 ± 0.9 | 0.94 |
| Triglyceride (mmol/L) | 2.8 ± 2 | 1.3 ± 0.6 | 0.03 |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 0.7 ± 0.2 | 1.2 ± 0.2 | <0.001 |
| Alanine transferase units/L | 86.8 ± 55.2 | 19.3 ± 8.7 | <0.001 |
| Aspartate transferase units/L | 41.5 ± 23 | 18.5 ± 3.7 | 0.01 |
| ELF score | 9.1 ± 1.3 | 7.4 ± 0.7 | <0.001 |
| Transient elastography (kpa) | 9.35 (6.8–12.93) | 4.9 (3.3–7.1) | 0.05 |
| IHD, n (%) | 2 (17) | 0 (0) | — |
| Insulin, n (%) | 2 (17) | 0 (0) | — |
| Oral hypoglycemic, n (%) | 10 (83) | 0 (0) | — |
| Antihypertensive agents, n (%) | 11 (92) | 0 (0) | — |
| Lipid-lowering agents, n (%) | 5 (42) | 0 (0) | — |
Data are means ± SE or median (IQR) unless otherwise indicated. BP, blood pressure; EGP, endogenous (hepatic) glucose production; Gd, glucose disposal; IHD, ischemic heart disease; ISI, insulin sensitivity index; NEFA, nonesterified fatty acid.