Table 2.
Association between annual change in coronary artery calcium and lipoprotein subtractions in univariate and multivariate analyses
| Lipoprotein particles | Unadjusted |
Model 1 |
Model 2 |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coef | 95% CI | P | Coef | 95% CI | P | Coef | 95% CI | P | |
| LDL-P Total (nmol/l) | 0.004 | −0.001,0.008 | 0.117 | 0.005 | 0.001,0.009 | 0.019 | 0.001 | −0.001,0.01 | 0.747 |
| LDL-P I (nmol/l) | −0.033 | −0.049, −0.017 | <0.001 | −0.019 | −0.034, −0.003 | 0.020 | −0.01 | −0.03,0.01 | 0.446 |
| LDL-P IIa (nmol/l) | −0.047 | −0.070, −0.024 | <0.001 | −0.025 | −0.047, −0.003 | 0.023 | −0.03 | −0.05, −0.01 | 0.045 |
| LDL-P IIb (medium) (nmol/l) | −0.018 | −0.034, −0.002 | 0.028 | −0.006 | −0.022,0.009 | 0.403 | −0.02 | −0.04, −0.00 | 0.019 |
| LDL-P IIIa (small) (nmol/l) | 0.02 | 0.006,0.035 | 0.005 | 0.019 | 0.006,0.033 | 0.007 | 0.01 | −0.02,0.02 | 0.959 |
| LDL-P IIIb (nmol/l) | 0.059 | 0.037,0.082 | <0.001 | 0.050 | 0.029,0.071 | <0.001 | 0.03 | 0.01,0.06 | 0.029 |
| LDL-P Iva (nmol/l) | 0.059 | 0.039,0.079 | <0.001 | 0.050 | 0.030,0.067 | <0.001 | 0.004 | 0.02,0.06 | 0.001 |
| LDL-P IVb (nmol/l) | 0.08 | 0.047,0.113 | <0.001 | 0.065 | 0.034,0.097 | <0.001 | 0.05 | 0.01,0.09 | 0.008 |
| LDL-P IVc (nmol/l) | 0.064 | 0.010,0.119 | 0.020 | 0.054 | 0.002,0.105 | 0.004 | 0.03 | −0.02,0.09 | 0.264 |
| LDL-P large (I and IIa combined) (nmol/l) | −0.021 | −0.030, −0.011 | <0.001 | −0.011 | −0.021, −0.002 | 0.017 | −0.01 | −0.02,0.01 | 0.177 |
| LDL-P very small (IIIb to IVc combined) (nmol/l) | 0.023 | 0.015,0.030 | <0.001 | −0.011 | 0.011,0.026 | <0.001 | 0.01 | 0.001,0.02 | 0.003 |
| VLDL-P total (nmol/l) | 0.004 | −0.029,0.036 | 0.834 | 0.021 | −0.009,0.052 | −0.173 | −0.003 | −0.07,0.01 | 0.204 |
| VLDL-P large (nmol/l) | 0.153 | −0.027,0.333 | 0.096 | 0.206 | 0.037,0.375 | 0.017 | −0.01 | −0.34,0.14 | 0.419 |
| VLDL-P medium (nmol/l) | 0.029 | −0.047,0.105 | 0.453 | 0.069 | −0.002,0.140 | 0.056 | −0.06 | −0.16,0.04 | 0.224 |
| VLDL-P small (nmol/l) | −0.034 | −0.106,0.038 | 0.358 | 0.008 | −0.059,0.076 | 0.806 | −0.06 | −0.14,0.03 | 0.183 |
| IDL-P total (nmol/l) | −0.019 | −0.036, −0.001 | 0.034 | −0.01 | −0.027,0.006 | 0.213 | −0.02 | −0.04,0.01 | 0.097 |
| IDL-P large (nmol/l) | −0.006 | −0.039,0.026 | 0.704 | 0.004 | −0.027,0.034 | 0.813 | −0.03 | −0.07,0.01 | 0.091 |
| IDL-P small (nmol/l) | −0.049 | −0.079, −0.020 | 0.002 | −0.033 | −0.061, −0.006 | 0.019 | −0.02 | −0.06,0.01 | 0.183 |
| Non-HDL-P (nmol/l) | 0.001 | −0.002,0.005 | 0.420 | 0.003 | −0.000,0.006 | 0.089 | −0.001 | −0.001,0.01 | 0.798 |
| HDL-P large (nmol/l) | −0.001 | −0.002, −0.001 | 0.003 | −0.001 | −0.002,−0.001 | 0.007 | 0.001 | −0.001,0.01 | 0.824 |
| HDL-P small (nmol/l) | −0.001 | −0.00,0.001 | 0.274 | −0.001 | −0.001,0.001 | 0.274 | −0.001 | −0.001,0.01 | 0.573 |
CAC – coronary artery calcium, LDL-P – low density lipoprotein particle, VLDL-P – very low density lipoprotein particle, IDL-P – intermediate density lipoprotein particle, HDL-P – high density lipoprotein particle. CAC change shows the yearly change between the baseline coronary artery calcium and a follow-up visit approximately 10 years later. Robust linear regression, which down-weights observations with large residuals, was used due to a few cases with exceptionally large CAC values. Model 1: age (years), race/ethnicity (white, Chinese, Black, Hispanic), BMI, current cigarette smoking (compared to never/former), parent history of myocardial infarction, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, diabetes status (insulin use or fasting glucose >140), fasting glucose, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (ln) and lipid-lowering medication use, family income. Model 2: Model 1 + LDL-C, HDL-C, triglycerides (ln)