Table 3. The adverse events during and after flexible bronchoscopy.
| The adverse events | Not occurred | Occurred | Pooled proportion with 95% CI | I2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| During flexible bronchoscopy | ||||
| Bleeding | 10 (21.3%) | 37 (78.7%) | 0.02 (0.013–0.027) | 85% |
| Bronchospasm | 26 (55.3%) | 21 (44.7%) | 0.001 (0.000–0.002) | 83% |
| Laryngospasm | 24 (55.1%) | 23 (44.9%) | 0.003 (0.002–0.005) | 80% |
| Hypoxia or decreased O2 saturation | 7 (14.9%) | 40 (85.1%) | 0.04 (0.03–0.6) | 97% |
| Reactions to drugs | 43 (91.5%) | 4 (8.5%) | – | – |
| Arrhythmia | 45 (95.7%) | 2 (4.3%) | – | – |
| Pneumothorax or submediastinal emphysema | 45 (95.7%) | 2 (4.3%) | – | – |
| Death | 47 (100%) | 0 (0%) | – | – |
| Other adverse events | 46 (97.9%) | 1 (2.1%) | – | – |
| After flexible bronchoscopy | ||||
| Bronchospasm | 33 (70.2%) | 14 (29.8%) | 0.001 (0.000–0.002) | 81% |
| Laryngeal edema | 21 (44.7%) | 26 (55.3%) | 0.006 (0.004–0.008) | 79% |
| Obvious cough | 1 (2.1%) | 46 (97.9%) | 0.24 (0.18–0.29) | 99% |
| Fever | 7 (14.9%) | 40 (85.1%) | 0.04 (0.03–0.05) | 94% |
| Hoarseness | 20 (42.6%) | 27 (57.4%) | 0.007 (0.005–0.009) | 79% |
| Death | 47 (100%) | 0 (0%) | – | – |
| Other adverse events | 46 (97.9%) | 1 (2.1%) | – | – |
Pooled proportion performed by random effect model; I2 is for statistical heterogeneity, – is due to the limited data for meta-analysis.