Table 3.

Transitions in the planner’s perspectives on creative methods and inclusive planning (Q-statement numbers [S#])

Factor 1	Factor 2	Factor 3
Q-Sort1—Pre-project
Mass transit futures Overall summary Sees shortfalls in current engagement around planning and believes NMT should receive greater emphasis in city road space plans—rather than cars Planning Perspective Believes in open inclusive engagement [S10] but thinks existing approaches currently don’t allow for this [S13]	Congestion smasher Overall summary Wants to widen planning engagement to identify congestion reducing solutions for a mixed mobility future Planning Perspective Strongly believes in the need to widen engagement opportunities [S5] with the aim of identifying solutions to congestion [S1]	Inclusive planning is the answer Overall summary Wants planning reforms to improve engagement, using mixtures of approaches to get greater inclusion Planning Perspective Believes that current planning is not effective at representing all users [S18, 19,23] instead focussing upon engineers’ solutions and car drivers [S9,31,32] and should become less formal [S28]
Q-Sort2—Post-project
More inclusive planning for a car-free future Overall summary Pro-NMT and public transport, and anti-car with a belief that current planning approaches are ineffective Planning Perspective Existing approaches are ineffective for engagement [S10,13] and more creative approaches are needed [S8]	Creative congestion smashing Overall summary Planning is critical and should be improved with creative engagement. Informal transport should be restricted to promote walking and reduce congestion Planning Perspective Planning is critical for city development [S33]. Current non-inclusive [S31,32] engagement is ineffective and could be improved with creativity [8] but full representation is not essential [S23]	Inclusive creative planning is the answer Overall summary Better community engagement would improve planning and creative approaches could achieve this to improve walking options Planning Perspective Local community engagement is key [S12] with informal events being effective [S28]. Creative methods would widen engagement [S8, S20] making them more representative [S23]