TABLE 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of participants.
LHD group (n = 38) | RHD group (n = 29) | p-Value | |
Gender (M/F) | 30/8 | 21/8 | 0.534a |
Age: Mean ± SD | 60.1 (10.4) | 63.7 (10.0) | 0.057c |
Dominance (R/L/A) | 36/2/0 | 25/3/1 | 0.366a |
Stroke type (I/H/I > H) | 22/16/0 | 20/8/1 | 0.273a |
TAO months: Mean ± SD | 28.9 (14.6) | 28.7 (10.9) | 0.939b |
Lesion volume (cc): Mean ± SD | 25.4 (25.2) | 21.5 (28.0) | 0.140c |
FMA-LE: X/32: Mean ± SD | 26.6 (5.3) | 26.1 (7.1) | 0.784b |
3MWT (m/s): Mean ± SD | 0.8 (0.3) | 0.8 (0.4) | 0.970b |
Sensation (x/12): Mean ± SD | 9.9 (3.2) | 10.3 (2.5) | 0.928c |
*Use of assistive device for walking (no/yes) | 26/12 | 21/8 | 0.723a |
LHD, left hemisphere damage; RHD, right hemisphere damage; gender: M, male; F, female; dominance: R, right; L, left, A, ambidextrous; stroke type: I, ischemic; H, hemorrhagic, I > H, ischemic with hemorrhagic transformation; TAO, time after stroke onset; FMA-LE, Fugl-Meyer assessment lower extremity; 3MWT, 3 m walk test; a, Chi-Square test; b, t-test; c, Mann–Whitney test. *Assistive device refers in most cases to an ankle-foot orthosis and/or cane. FMA-LE, 3MWT and sensation were tested in the chronic phase (time after stroke onset more than 1 year, as mentioned in “TAO months”).