TABLE 1.

Differentiated expression of non-coding RNAs in different CNS injuries.

	Injury model	In vitro/in vivo	Tissue/cell	Non-coding RNA	Expression patterns	Target	Function	References
Spinal cord injury	C5 spinal blunt contusion (mouse)	In vivo	Spinal cord	microRNA-125b	Upregulation	JAK/STAT pathway	Reduce apoptosis and inflammatory response in neurons	Dai et al., 2018
	Spinal cord dorsal peripheral conditioning lesion/column crush Injury (mouse)	In vivo	Spinal cord	microRNA-155	Downregulation	Unclear	Reduce inflammatory signaling in macrophages	Gaudet et al., 2016
	Spinal cord contusion (mouse)	In vivo	Epicenter spinal cord	microRNA-21-5p	Downregulation	Unclear	Attenuate the formation of fibrotic scars	Wang W. et al., 2018
	−	In vitro	Neurons-spinal cord	lncRNA-Map2k4	Upregulation	MicroRNA-199a/FGF1 axis	Regulate neuron proliferation	Xia et al., 2018
	Spinal cord contusion (rat)	In vivo	Spinal cord	circRNA_07079/circRNA_01282	Upregulation	miR-351-5p (predicted)	Unclear	Zhou et al., 2019
	Allen’s weight-drop model (mouse)	In vivo	Epicenter spinal cord	miR-21-5p	Upregulation	lncRNA33755/circRNA6370	Unclear	Wang W. et al., 2019
Optic nerve injury	Optic nerve crush (mouse and human)	In vitro/in vivo	RGC	miR-19a	Upregulation	PTEN	Control cell growth by regulating protein translation initiation	Park et al., 2008; Mak et al., 2020
	Optic nerve crush (rat)	In vivo	RGC	microRNA-30b	Upregulation	Sema3A/p-p38MAPK and caspase-3	Reduce growth cone collapse and RGC apoptosis	Han et al., 2015
	Optic nerve crush (rat)	In vitro/in vivo	Optic nerve/astrocyte	miR-21	Downregulation	EGFR receptor pathway	Attenuate excessive astrocyte activation and glial scar formation	Li et al., 2018
	Optic nerve crush (mouse)	In vitro/in vivo	SH-SY5Y cell/RGC/cortex/hippocampus	miR-135s	Upregulation	KLF4	Facilitate RGC axon regeneration	van Battum et al., 2018
	Optic nerve crush (mouse)	In vivo	RGC/optic nerve	let7-miRNAs	Downregulation	Unclear	Induce optic nerve regeneration	Wang X.W. et al., 2018