Table 2.

Examples of Probing Techniques Used in the Interviews (54).

Type of probe or prompt technique	Description of probe or prompt
Silent	The interviewer remains silent and allows the participant to think aloud.
Echo	The interviewer repeats the participant's point, encouraging him or her to develop it further.
Verbal agreement	The interviewer expresses interest in the participant's views with the use of phrases such as “uh-huh” or “yes, okay.”
“Tell me more”	The interviewer clearly asks the participant to expand on a particular point or issue—without the use of echoing.
Long question	The interviewer asks a lengthier question that also suggests that a detailed response is sought.
Leading	The interviewer asks a question that encourages the participant to explain his or her reasoning.