TABLE 3.

Backward stepwise selection results of multivariate logistic regression models for the association between participant characteristics and study participation (Model 1). The first seven predictors were significant in three or more studies (P < 0.1) and therefore identified as consistent predictors that were used for further analyses (Model 2, Figure 3)

	Lifestyle	Think&Do	Navigation	Music	BeHapp
Older age	1.37 (1.23–1.54)*	1.70 (1.51–1.92)*	1.15 (1.00–1.33) †	1.46 (1.18–1.81)*	–
Male	–	–	1.18 (1.03–1.35)*	1.22 (1.02–1.46)*	1.33 (1.03–1.72)*
Higher educated	1.34 (1.21–1.48)*	1.36 (1.22–1.51)*	1.17 (1.03–1.33)*	1.36 (1.13–1.64)*	–
Retired or not working	1.17 (1.0–1.31)*	1.21 (1.07–1.37)*	1.15 (0.99–1.33) †	–	–
Better self‐rated health	1.30 (1.12–1.50)*	1.24 (1.06–1.44)*	1.24 (1.03–1.50)*	1.32 (1.00–1.72)*	1.61 (0.97–2.69) †
First‐degree family member with dementia	1.17 (1.06–1.29)*	1.23 (1.11–1.36)*	1.26 (1.10–1.45)*	1.23 (1.02–1.47)*	–
Not smoking	1.63 (1.40–1.90)*	1.69 (1.43–2.00)*	1.49 (1.23–1.79)*	1.70 (1.23–2.36)*	1.75 (1.05–2.91)*
Married or cohabiting	1.14 (1.03–1.27)*	–	–	–	–
Subjective cognitive decline	–	–	0.78 (0.67–0.91)*	–	–
Hypertension	–	0.89 (0.79–1.00)*	–	–	–
High cholesterol	–	1.13 (1.00–1.29) †	–	–	–
Diabetes	0.79 (0.65–0.97)*	0.80 (0.64–0.99)*	–	–	–
Heart disease	–	–	–	–	–
Stroke	1.28 (1.01–1.61)*	–	–	–	–
Cancer	–	–	–	1.30 (0.98–1.74) †	–
Neurological disease	–	–	–	–	n.a.
Diagnosis of MCI or dementia	0.74 (0.52–1.06) †	n.a.	1.35 (0.97–1.89) †	–	n.a.
Psychiatric disease	1.36 (1.21–1.54)*	–	–	–	n.a.
Medication use	–	–	–	–	–

Notes: n.a.; Participant characteristic variable was used as exclusion criteria for the particular study and therefore no data was available.

^* P < 0.05;.

^† P < 0.1.

Abbreviation: MCI, mild cognitive impairment.