Table 4.
Descriptive statistics for each of the measures, and offending behaviour, split by group and sex
| Measures | Behaviourally conditioned | Emotionally vulnerable | Antisocial impulsivist | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men N = 250 |
Women N = 83 |
Total N = 333 |
Men N = 57 |
Women N = 29 |
Total N = 86 |
Men N = 104 |
Women N = 50 |
Total N = 154 |
||||||||||
| M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | |
| PGSI | 3.2 | 3.9 | 1.6 | 3.1 | 1.9 | 3.2 | 3.7 | 2.8 | 2.6 | 4.2 | 3.3 | 3.4 | 6.8 | 5.7 | 4.1 | 4.9 | 5.9 | 5.6 |
| BIS-15 | 29.8 | 6.2 | 30.8 | 6.9 | 30.0 | 6.4 | 25.9 | 3.5 | 27.3 | 2.3 | 26.4 | 3.2 | 37.3 | 5.1 | 38.5 | 5.8 | 57.7 | 5.4 |
| Anxiety | 3.8 | 2.0 | 3.7 | 2.4 | 3.8 | 2.1 | 9.0 | 3.8 | 11.1 | 2.4 | 9.7 | 3.5 | 10.7 | 3.1 | 11.6 | 3.0 | 11.0 | 3.1 |
| Depression | 3.2 | 2.1 | 2.5 | 2.1 | 3.0 | 2.1 | 6.7 | 2.9 | 5.6 | 3.1 | 6.3 | 3.0 | 6.8 | 3.1 | 6.4 | 3.4 | 6.7 | 3.2 |
| PAPA | 61.5 | 13.3 | 52.7 | 14.9 | 59.3 | 14.2 | 66.1 | 13.2 | 57.7 | 14.5 | 63.3 | 14.2 | 75.2 | 16.9 | 69.1 | 14.6 | 73.2 | 16.5 |
| PAPA subscales | ||||||||||||||||||
| DT | 15.6 | 4.7 | 13.4 | 5.1 | 15.1 | 4.9 | 14.4 | 4.4 | 13.2 | 3.3 | 14.0 | 4.1 | 19.7 | 6.4 | 18.6 | 6.0 | 19.3 | 6.3 |
| ED | 9.4 | 3.4 | 7.9 | 3.4 | 9.0 | 3.5 | 9.8 | 3.5 | 8.1 | 4.1 | 9.2 | 3.7 | 10.9 | 3.3 | 9.8 | 3.4 | 10.6 | 3.4 |
| DfO | 19.0 | 5.8 | 15.4 | 5.7 | 18.1 | 6.0 | 20.6 | 6.7 | 16.3 | 6.8 | 19.1 | 7.0 | 22.7 | 7.6 | 19.9 | 6.9 | 21.8 | 7.4 |
| LoE | 17.5 | 4.8 | 15.6 | 4.8 | 17.0 | 4.9 | 21.6 | 5.3 | 19.3 | 5.1 | 20.8 | 5.3 | 22.4 | 5.9 | 20.9 | 5.0 | 21.9 | 5.6 |
| Protective factors | ||||||||||||||||||
| SLS | 22.5 | 6.8 | 25.5 | 6.8 | 23.3 | 6.8 | 21.5 | 6.4 | 22.3 | 5.9 | 21.6 | 6.2 | 15.9 | 7.4 | 19.8 | 7.9 | 17.2 | 7.8 |
| Social Support | 64.7 | 12.6 | 68.4 | 14.8 | 65.6 | 13.3 | 62.3 | 14.0 | 64.0 | 17.5 | 62.8 | 15.2 | 51.7 | 15.8 | 60.0 | 13.9 | 54.4 | 15.7 |
| Self-control | 42.4 | 9.2 | 44.0 | 10.2 | 44.8 | 9.4 | 43.6 | 7.3 | 45.0 | 7.8 | 42.1 | 7.4 | 33.5 | 8.9 | 18.0 | 5.4 | 34.1 | 8.5 |
| Resilience | 22.1 | 4.5 | 22.0 | 4.7 | 22.1 | 4.6 | 19.7 | 4.6 | 16.4 | 5.9 | 18.6 | 5.3 | 17.3 | 4.9 | 18.0 | 5.4 | 17.5 | 5.1 |
| Offending (N/ %) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Acquisitive | 13 (5.2) | 2 (2.4) | 15 (4.2) | 1 (1.8) | 0 | 1 (1.2) | 8 (7.7) | 0 | 8 (5.2) | |||||||||
| Drug related | 50 (20.0) | 6 (7.2) | 56 (16.8) | 12 (21.1) | 2 (6.9) | 14 (16.3) | 26 (25.0) | 9 (18.0) | 35 (22.7) | |||||||||
| Violent | 20 (8.0) | 4 (4.8) | 24 (7.2) | 6 (10.5) | 2 (6.9) | 8 (9.3) | 19 (18.3) | 4 (8.0) | 23 (14.9) | |||||||||
| Other antisocial | 40 (16.0) | 6 (7.2) | 46 (13.8) | 10 (17.5) | 2 (6.9) | 12 (14.0) | 29 (27.9) | 6 (12.0) | 35 (22.7) | |||||||||
| Any offence | 74 (29.6) | 13 (15.7) | 84 (25.2) | 15 (26.3) | 4 (13.8) | 19 (22.1) | 41 (39.4) | 10 (20.0) | 51 (33.1) | |||||||||
| PNTS | 14 (5.6) | 3 (3.6) | 17 (5.1) | 5 (8.8) | 3 (10.3) | 8 (9.3) | 4 (3.8) | 2 (4.0) | 6 (3.9) | |||||||||
| Gambling linked* | 3 (1.2) | 1 (1.2) | 4 (1.2) | 1 (1.8) | 0 | 1 (1.2) | 9 (8.7) | 0 | 9 (5.8) | |||||||||
DT dissocial tendencies, ED emotional detachment, DfO disregard for others, LoE lack of sensitivity to emotion, PNTS prefer not to say; *participants were asked if any of the offences they have reported committing are directly linked to their gambling involvement