Table 1.
Clinical and neuropsychological data of individuals with ASD and comparison participants.
|
Comparison participants (gp 1) (n = 25) |
Individuals with ASD without ID (gp 2) (n = 25) |
Probability group 1 > group 2 |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | (SD) | Mean | (SD) | ||
| Age (years) | 31.84 | (11.75) | 30.68 | (10.30) | 0.63 |
| Sex (men) (N, %) | 16 | (0.64) | 16 | (0.64) | 0.5 |
| IQ | 97.32 | (10.87) | 110.12 | (17.49) | <0.01* |
| Years of schooling (N, %) | |||||
| <9 years | 1 | 0.04 | 1 | 0.04 | 0.5 |
| 9 to 11 years | 4 | 0.16 | 4 | 0.16 | 0.5 |
| 12 to 13 years | 1 | 0.04 | 1 | 0.04 | 0.5 |
| 14 years | 9 | 0.36 | 9 | 0.36 | 0.5 |
| 15 to 16 years | 5 | 0.20 | 5 | 0.20 | 0.5 |
| More than 16 years | 5 | 0.20 | 5 | 0.20 | 0.5 |
| ADI-Ra | |||||
| Social | 14.92 | (4.33) | |||
| Communication | 8.08 | (4.03) | |||
| Restrictive, repetitive | 4.69 | (1.43) | |||
| behavior | |||||
| ADOSb module 4 (Communication and social behavior) | 9.00 | (3.19) | |||
| ADOS-2c module 4 (Communication and social behavior) | 11.17 | (5.57) | |||
| AQd (total) | 12.52 | (5.52) | 34.28 | (7.57) | <0.01* |
| Social skills | 1.48 | (2.33) | 7.84 | (2.30) | <0.01* |
| Attention-shifting | 3.52 | (2.02) | 8.08 | (1.38) | <0.01* |
| Attention to details | 4.92 | (2.27) | 6.64 | (2.12) | <0.01* |
| Communication | 1.16 | (1.66) | 6.68 | (2.41) | <0.01* |
| Imagination | 2.00 | (1.44) | 5.20 | (2.08) | <0.01* |
| EQe (total score) | 37.88 | (7.99) | 22.36 | (8.30) | >0.99* |
| RAADSf (score total) | 47.88 | (24.49) | 143.32 | (34.75) | <0.01* |
| Social relatedness | 17.76 | (10.24) | 68.68 | (19.25) | <0.01* |
| Circumscribed interests | 11.64 | (6.79) | 29.52 | (7.84) | <0.01* |
| Language | 3.92 | (2.18) | 9.64 | (4.45) | <0.01* |
| Sensorimotor | 14.56 | (10.54) | 35.60 | (13.48) | <0.01* |
| Self-esteem | 50.88 | (7.09) | 39.08 | (8.41) | >0.99* |
| BDIg (total score) | 2.20 | (3.29) | 7.68 | (5.91) | <0.01* |
| TMTg (mental flexibility score) | 30.38 | (23.29) | 30.76 | (29.09) | 0.49 |
| Hayling test (inhibition score) | 4216 | (2042) | 4283 | (1914) | 0.50 |
| Phonologic fluency | 14.50 | (3.41) | 15.00 | (4.44) | 0.33 |
| Semantic fluency | 21.33 | (5.22) | 20.52 | (6.43) | 0.69 |
a
Autism Diagnosis Interview, Revised form.
b
Autism Observation Schedule, version 1.
c
Autism Observation Schedule, version 2.
d
Autism Quotient.
e
Empathy Quotient.
f
Rivto Autism Asperger Diagnosis Scale.
g
Beck Depression Inventory.
hTrail Making Test.
*
Probability higher than 95% or lower than 5% indicating a relevant difference between groups.