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After irisin binds to membrane receptors, AMPK phosphorylation increase, and its downstream Akt/eNOS and Akt/mTOR signaling cascades are activated, thereby promoting NO secretion, autophagy, and angiogenesis, and inhibiting apoptosis and ROS production. On the other hand, irisin can also inhibit the secretion of pro-inflammatory factors by inhibiting p38 MAPK signaling pathway, and promote angiogenesis and cell proliferation, and inhibit apoptosis by activating ERK signaling pathway.
