Table 2.
Primacy and recency effects, calculated using the first word recalled measure.
| N | Chi square | Posthoc analysis: standardized residual | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| F | M | R | None | F | M | R | |||
| CERAD 1 | AD | 65 | 60 | 59 | 15 | c2(2) = 168.162, p < 0.008 + | 10.9 | −6.10 | 3.70 |
| MCI | 23 | 4 | 8 | 0 | c2(2) = 123.585, p < 0.008 +* | 10.42 | −4.14 | 0.38 | |
| CERAD 2 | AD | 74 | 59 | 61 | 5 | c2(2) = 209.803, p < 0.008 + | 12.40 | −6.60 | 3.60 |
| MCI | 17 | 8 | 10 | 0 | c2(2) = 63.264, p < 0.008 +* | 7.22 | −3.33 | 1.13 | |
| CERAD 3 | AD | 84 | 46 | 68 | 1 | c2(2) = 290.398, p < 0.008 + | 14.40 | −7.90 | 4.50 |
| MCI | 16 | 4 | 15 | 0 | c2(2) = 69.613, p < 0.008 +* | 6.68 | −4.14 | 3.02 | |
| CERAD DR | AD | 12 | 26 | 6 | 155 | c2(2) = 14.546, p < 0.008 +* | 3.60 | –0.90 | –0.90 |
| MCI | 10 | 18 | 1 | 6 | c2(2) = 21.130, p < 0.008 +* | 4.17 | –0.51 | –1.99 | |
For each trial, primacy and recency effects were examined for AD (N = 199) and MCI (N = 35) patients, via a comparison to a uniform probability (0.1, 0.7, 0.2, respectively). Standardized residuals were used to identify the cells which underlie the significant results (i.e., statistically significant cells are those with absolute standardized residual > 1.96, indicated in bold fonts). F, first word (word 1); M, middle list words (words 2–8); R, recent words (words 9–10); N, number of words within each cell; DR, delayed recall.
*
William's correction was utilized since a cell with expected count <5 was identified.
+
Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons.