Table 1.

Demographic and clinical characteristics of subjects and the numbers of samples for the NC, VD, T2DM, VD+T2DM groups.

	VD + T2DM (n = 12)	VD (n = 14)	T2DM (n = 22)	NC (n = 21)
Sex (female/male)	4/8	5/9	8/14	7/14
Age (year)	78.10 ± 10.48	76.00 ± 8.03	71.30 ± 8.57	72.67 ± 8.99
Years of education	8.30 ± 1.25	8.50 ± 2.11	8.15 ± 1.27	7.33 ± 1.27
History of hypertension (yes/no)	7/5	7/7	6/16	4/17
History of cardiovascular disease (yes/no)	5/7	6/8	3/18	2/19
History stroke/transient ischemic attacks for at least 3 months	12/12	14/14	0/22	0/21
CRE (μmol/l)	115.35 ± 55.17**	68.03 ± 16.68	97.05 ± 42.33*	71.11 ± 24.43
MMSE score	14.7 ± 2.26**	15.92 ± 4.39**	29.05 ± 1.00	29.4 ± 0.55
CDT score	1.40 ± 0.52**	1.25 ± 0.97**	4.00 ± 0.00	4.00 ± 0.00
VCFT score	7.90 ± 1.79**	7.50 ± 3.03**	14.15 ± 3.20	15.40 ± 0.89
HAMD score	5.90 ± 3.45	6.67 ± 1.61	5.35 ± 2.13	6.20 ± 1.30
HAMA score	8.40 ± 2.63**	8.08 ± 3.63**	3.25 ± 1.12	2.80 ± 1.48

^*Significant differences compared with the NC group at p < 0.05;

^**Significant differences compared with the NC group at p < 0.01; CRE, serum creatinine; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; CDT, Clock-Drawing Test; VCFT, Verbal Category Fluency Test; HAMD, Hamilton Depression Scale; HAMA, Hamilton Anxiety Scale.