Table 2.
Drugs commonly used to treat RIOM.
| Drugs category | Drugs | Mechanism | Treatment effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Analgesic drugs | Morphine and Doxepin mouthwash | Anesthesia and analgesia | Reduce the pain caused RIOM Increase eating |
(33, 56, 57) |
| Oxycodone | (58–60) | |||
| Anti-inflammatory drugs | Benzydamine mouthwash | Local anti-inflammatory | Prevent RIOM | (61) |
| Rosiglitazone | PPAR-γ agonists, Inhibition of TGF-β and NF-κB p65 expression | Protect normal oral mucosa and antitumor | (62) | |
| Thalidomide | Inhibition of NF-κB | Reduce inflammatory response | (63) | |
| amiforstine and gliclazide | Reduce oxidative stress and inflammation caused by 5-fluorouracil | Accelerate the recovery oral mucositis caused by 5-fluorouracil | (64, 65) | |
| Cytogenetic drugs | epidermal growth factor and keratinocyte growth factor |
promote the regeneration of oral mucosal cells | promote the healing of RIOM | (66, 67) |
| Others | Tat-smad7 | Reduce TGF-β and NF-κB signaling pathways | Reduce inflammatory response and promote the healing of RIOM | (68) |
| multivitamin B + Gene Time(R) | Promote the synthesis of DNA, RNA and hydroxyproline | Shorten the healing time of ulcer | (69) |
PPAR, peroxisome proliferator activated-receptor; TGF, transforming growth factor; NF-κB, nuclear factor-kappa B; RIOM, radiation-induced oral mucositis.