Table 3.
Association of socio-demographic characteristics and multimorbidity with care challenges.
| Demographic characteristics |
No significant challenge in care (N = 371) n (%) |
Significant challenge in care (N = 229) n (%) |
OR [95% CI] | AOR [95% CI] | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | |||||
| Female | 169 (55) | 136 (45) | 1.75 [1.25, 2.44] | 1.96 [1.25, 3.10] | 0.003* |
| Male (Ref.) | 202 (68) | 93 (32) | |||
| Age group in years | |||||
| ≤ 45 years (Ref.) | 85 (59) | 58 (41) | |||
| 46–60 years | 140 (62) | 87 (38) | 0.91 [0.59, 1.40] | 0.90 [0.57, 1.42] | 0.654 |
| >60 years | 146 (63) | 84 (37) | 0.84 [0.55, 1.29] | 0.85 [0.53, 1.37] | 0.511 |
| Residence | |||||
| Rural (Ref.) | 200 (67) | 100 (33) | |||
| Urban | 171 (57) | 129 (43) | 1.51 [1.08, 2.10] | 1.34 [0.90, 2.02] | 0.146 |
| Education | |||||
| No formal schooling (Ref.) | 79 (64) | 44 (36) | |||
| Primary (1st to 7th) | 92 (66) | 47 (34) | 0.92 [0.55, 1.53] | 0.95 [0.57, 1.61] | 0.861 |
| High school (8th to 12th) | 102 (65) | 54 (35) | 0.95 [0.58, 1.56] | 0.96 [0.58, 1.70] | 0.987 |
| Graduation and above | 98 (54) | 84 (46) | 1.52 [0.95, 2.43] | 1.81 [1.01, 3.23] | 0.045* |
| Occupation | |||||
| Unskilled workers/Farmers (Ref.) | 68 (69) | 30 (31) | |||
| Skilled workers | 10 (63) | 6 (37) | 1.36 [0.45, 4.08] | 0.99 [0.31, 3.13] | 0.983 |
| Business/Profession | 104 (63) | 60 (37) | 1.31 [0.77, 2.23] | 1.53 [0.79, 2.98] | 0.211 |
| Homemaker/Student/Retired employee | 189 (59) | 133 (41) | 1.60 [0.98, 2.59] | 1.23 [0.66, 2.28] | 0.522 |
| Family environment | |||||
| Living alone (Ref.) | 7 (44) | 9 (56) | |||
| Living with spouse/family | 364 (62) | 220 (38) | 0.47 [0.17, 1.28] | 0.49 [0.17, 1.39] | 0.178 |
| Morbidity | |||||
| Single (Ref.) | 237 (65) | 126 (35) | |||
| Multimorbidity | 134 (57) | 103 (43) | 1.44 [1.03, 2.02] | 1.48 [1.01, 2.05] | 0.043* |