Table 1.
Characteristics of the included studies and independent risk factors.
| Study | Year | Country | Period | Patients’ character | Number | Independent risk factors of OS | Independent risk factors of DFS |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bagante and colleagues16 | 2015 | United States, Europe | 1995–2014 | PCC | 437 | N, T, CA19-9 | – |
| Morine and colleagues17 | 2011 | Japan | 1994–2008 | PCC | 22 | N, R, M | – |
| Giuliante and colleagues18 | 2016 | Italy | 1992–2007 | PCC | 175 | N, R | – |
| Hakeem and colleagues19 | 2014 | United Kingdom | 1994–2010 | PCC | 78 | N, HD, M | – |
| Hu and colleagues20 | 2016 | China | 1990–2014 | PCC | 381 | N, R, tumor size, HD, vascular invasion | – |
| Hoffmann and colleagues21 | 2015 | Germany | 2001–2012 | B-C type III/IV PCC |
60 | R, PBT | R, CLI, blood loss |
| Nakanishi and colleagues22 | 2016 | Japan | 1998–2015 | PCC | 168 | N, M | – |
| Li and colleagues23 | 2011 | China | 1990–2009 | PCC | 187 | N, R | – |
| Yan and colleagues24 | 2014 | China | 198–2007 | PCC | 131 | N, R, bilirubin | – |
| Kimura and colleagues25 | 2017 | Japan, United Kingdom | 1995–2014 | PCC | 183 | N, R, HD, PBT, MVI, PTBD | PBT, N, HD, MVI, R, biliary drainage |
| Matsuo and colleagues7 | 2012 | Japan | 1991–2008 | PCC | 157 | N, R, HD, HR | – |
| Coelen and colleagues26 | 2014 | Netherlands | 1998–2013 | PCC | 100 | HD, low skeletal and muscle mass | – |
| Sano and colleagues10 | 2007 | Japan | 1990–2004 | PCC | 99 | N, R, HD | – |
| Wang and colleagues27 | 2015 | China | 2005–2012 | PCC | 154 | N, R, tumor size | – |
| Titapun and colleagues28 | 2015 | Thailand | 2006–2011 | PCC | 153 | N, R, HD | – |
| Unno and colleagues29 | 2009 | Japan | 2001–2008 | PCC with major hepatectomy | 125 | Sex, T, R, HD | – |
| Yubin and colleagues30 | 2008 | China | 1990–2004 | PCC | 115 | N, R, M, HD | – |
| Zaydfudim and colleagues31 | 2013 | United States | 1993–2011 | B-C type III PCC | 80 | HD | – |
| Bhutiani and colleagues32 | 2018 | United States | 2000–2015 | PCC | 256 | N, LVI, chemotherapy/radiation | – |
| Cheng and colleagues33 | 2012 | China | 2001–2010 | B-C type III/IV PCC |
171 | N, R, CA19-9, HD | – |
| Chen and colleagues34 | 2016 | China | 2000–2009 | PCC | 235 | Age, N, R, CA19-9, PVI, HAI | – |
| Wang and colleagues35 | 2015 | China | 1999–2009 | PCC | 204 | N | – |
| Cai and colleagues36 | 2014 | China | 2008–2013 | PCC | 168 | N, R, CA19-9 | – |
| Kang and colleagues37 | 2016 | Korea | 1991–2010 | PCC | 403 | N, HD | – |
| Seyama and colleagues38 | 2003 | Japan | 1989–2001 | PCC with major hepatectomy | 58 | N, R, CEA | – |
| DeOliveira and colleagues2 | 2007 | United States | 1973–2004 | PCC | 281 | N, R | – |
| Silva and colleagues39 | 2005 | United Kingdom | 1992–2003 | PCC | 45 | T, R | – |
| Baton and colleagues12 | 2006 | France | 1984–2003 | B-C type III/IV PCC |
59 | Sex, N, R, M, chemotherapy | Sex, N, bilirubin, chemotherapy, R |
| Klempnauer and colleagues40 | 1996 | Germany | 1971–1995 | PCC | 137 | N | – |
| Nagino and colleagues41 | 2013 | Japan | 1977–2010 | PCC | 574 | N, R, PBT, HD, PVR/HAR | – |
| Kosuge and colleagues42 | 1999 | Japan | 1980–1997 | PCC | 65 | Sex, N, R, HD, extension to gallbladder | – |
| Neuhaus and colleagues43 | 1999 | Germany | 1988–1998 | PCC | 95 | N, R, PN, HD, PVR | – |
| Cheng and colleagues44 | 2006 | China | 1997–2002 | PCC | 75 | N, HR, radiotherapy, bilirubin | – |
| Hasegawa and colleagues45 | 2007 | Japan | 1990–2003 | PCC | 49 | N, R | – |
| Murakami and colleagues46 | 2009 | Japan | 1990–2007 | PCC | 38 | Chemotherapy | – |
| Lee and colleagues47 | 2009 | Korea | 2001–2008 | PCC | 302 | N, R, HD | – |
| Miyazaki and colleagues48 | 2006 | Japan | 1981–2004 | PCC | 161 | N, R, PVR, HAR | – |
| Buettner and colleagues49 | 2016 | United States, Europe |
1988–2014 | PCC | 407 | Age, N, PN, LVI | – |
| Chauhan and colleagues50 | 2010 | United States | 1988–2004 | PCC with major hepatectomy | 51 | N, R, complication, C-index | – |
| Chen and colleagues51 | 2009 | China | 2000–2007 | PCC | 138 | UICC stage, HD | – |
| Cho and colleagues52 | 2012 | Korea | 2000–2009 | PCC | 105 | R, bilirubin | – |
| Dumitrascu and colleagues53 | 2013 | Romania | 1996–2012 | PCC | 90 | R, CLI, chemotherapy, N-L ratio | – |
| Furusawa and colleagues54 | 2013 | Japan | 1990–2012 | PCC | 144 | N, R | – |
| Saxena and colleagues55 | 2010 | Australia | 1992–2009 | PCC | 42 | R, HD | – |
| Song and colleagues56 | 2012 | Korea | 1995–2010 | PCC | 230 | N, R, bilirubin | – |
Age (old vs young); B-C type, Bismuth–Corlette classification (type I/II/III(A/B)/IV); biliary drainage (with vs without); bilirubin (high vs low), serum bilirubin levels; blood loss (more vs less); CA19-9 (high vs low), serum CA19-9 levels; chemotherapy/radiation (with vs without); chemotherapy (without vs with), adjuvant chemotherapy; C-index (high vs low); CLI (with vs without), caudate lobe invasion; CLR (with vs without), caudate lobe resection; complication (with vs without); DFS, disease-free survival; extension to gallbladder (with vs without); HAI (with vs without), hepatic artery invasion; HAR (with vs without), hepatic artery resection; HD (moderate/ poor vs well), histological differentiation; M (+ vs −), with distance or liver metastasis; Muscle mass (low vs high); MVI (+ vs –), microvascular invasion; N (+ vs −), lymphatic nodes metastasis; N-L ratio (high vs low), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; low skeletal (low vs high); LVI (+ vs −), lymphovascular invasion; OS, overall survival; PBT (with vs without), perioperative blood transfusion; PN (+ vs −), perineural invasion; PTBD (percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage vs endoscopic retrograde biliary drainage); PVI (with vs without), portal vein invasion; PVR (with vs without), portal vein resection; R, resection margin status (R1 or 2 vs R0); sex (male vs female); T (T3/T4 vs T1/T2), T-stage; tumor size (large vs small); UICC stage (high/low), UICC tumor stage; vascular invasion (with vs without).