Fig. 2. Comparison of gut microbiota profiles in post-weaned calves with BCoV-related diarrhea, before and after treatment.

(a) Alpha-diversity (observed OTUs, and Chao1, Shannon, and Simpson indices) in each microbiota, as determined by comparing diarrheic and recovered calves. (b) Discriminant analysis of beta diversity among different samples. Microbial alterations between diarrheic (green) and recovered calves (red) are illustrated by the line or circle, and individual data are also depicted. *p < 0.05. (c) Bar chart representing the microbiota compositions at the phylum and genus levels in post-weaned calves with diarrhea, before and after treatment. Mean relative abundances of the main bacterial phyla and genera (> 2.0% of all sequences) that were distinctive between the diarrheic and recovered calves. BCoV, bovine coronavirus; OTUs, operational taxonomic units.