Table 3.
Case reports of arthritis reactive to SARS-CoV2 infection, clinical characteristics and diagnostic workup
| Yokogawa et al. [10] | Liew et al. [11] | Ono et al. [12] | Saricaoglu et al. [13] | Danssaert et al. [14] | Parisi et al. [15] | Present case | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age and sex | 57-year-old man | 47-year-old man | Male in his 50s | 73-year-old man | 37-year-old female | 58-year-old female | 60-year-old man |
| Time to arthritis | 15 days after COVID19 diagnosis | At diagnosis of COVID19 | 21 days after COVID19 diagnosis | 15 days after COVID19 diagnosis | 12 days after COVID19 diagnosis | 25 days after prodrome infective symptoms | 32 days after COVID19 diagnosis |
| Affected joints | Right knee | Right knee | Left and right ankle | Left I MTP, PIP, DIP and right II PIP and DIP | Tendonitis of the II, III and IV extensor of the right hand | Ankle | Right knee and ankle |
| Therapy | No therapy (self-recovery) | Oral NSAID and intra-articular corticosteroid | Oral NSAID and intra-articular corticosteroid | Oral NSAID | Topical NSAID, oral opioid, gabapentin | Oral NSAID | Oral NSAID |
| SF polarised microscopic examination | No crystals | No crystals | No crystals | - | - | - | No crystals |
| SF culture | - | (negative Gram stain) | Negative | - | - | - | Negative |
| SF PCR for SARS-CoV2 | Negative | Negative | - | - | - | - | Negative |
| M. pneumoniae and C. pneumoniae serology | - | - | Negative | - | - | - | Negative |
| Gonococco PCR/serology | Negative | Negative | Negative | - | - | - | - |
| C. thracomatis PCR/serology | - | Negative | Negative | - | - | - | - |
| M. urealyticum PCR/serology | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Urethral swab | - | - | - | - | - | - | Negative |
| Uric acid | - | - | Within the normal range | Within the normal range | Within the normal range | - | Within the normal range |
| RF | - | - | Negative | Negative | Negative | Negative | Negative |
| ACPA | - | - | Negative | Negative | - | Negative | Negative |
| ANA | - | - | Negative | - | Negative | Negative | Negative |
| Anti-ENA | - | - | - | - | - | Negative | Negative |
| HLA-B27 | - | - | Negative | - | - | Negative | Negative |
| HBV and HCV antibodies | - | - | Negative | - | - | - | Negative |
| CMV-DNA and EBV-DNA | - | - | - | - | - | - | < 1000 copies/mL |
| Urine culture | - | - | - | - | - | - | Negative |
| Blood culture | - | - | - | - | - | - | Negative |
| Stool culture | - | - | - | - | - | - | Negative |
COVID19, Coronavirus disease 19; MTP, metatarsophalangeal, PIP, proximal interphalangeal; DIP, distal interphalangeal; NSAID, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; SF, synovial fluid; PCR, polymerase chain reaction; SARS-CoV2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; RE, rheumatoid factor; ACPA, anti-citrullinated peptide antibodies; ANA, anti-nuclear antibodies; ENA, Extractable nuclear antibodies; HLA, human leukocyte antigen, HBV, hepatitis B virus; HCV, hepatitis C virus