FIGURE 2.

The signal pathways related with androgen synthesis in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The GPCR (G protein‐coupled receptor)/cAMP (adenylate cyclase)/PKA (protein kinase A) pathway is a classic signal pathway in regulating androgen synthesis in theca cells. Activation of PI3K (phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase)/AKT (protein kinase B) signal and inhibition of MAPK (mitogen‐activated protein kinase) and Wnt signals are involved in androgen synthesis. In addition, cAMP can cross‐talk with PI3K/AKT and MAPK signals. Interaction between androgen receptor (AR) and PI3K/AKT signaling also affects androgen synthesis