Table 3.
Standardized Parameter Estimates of the CFA and ESEM Models for the SDQ Adolescent Version.
| Item/factor | CFA five-factor model | CFA six-factor model | ESEM five-factor model | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ES | CP | HP | SP | PB | ES | CP | HP | SP | PB | PCM | ES | CP | HP | SP | PB | |
| 3 | .49 | .49 | .54 | .21 | .003 | −.17 | .04 | |||||||||
| 8 | .72 | .72 | .67 | .10 | 0.02 | .07 | .17 | |||||||||
| 13 | .79 | .79 | .75 | .12 | −0.01 | .05 | .09 | |||||||||
| 16 | .64 | .64 | .60 | −.18 | .06 | .12 | −.08 | |||||||||
| 24 | .78 | .78 | .72 | −.22 | .06 | .18 | −.06 | |||||||||
| 5 | .72 | .78 | .25 | .49 | .16 | .13 | .02 | |||||||||
| 7 | .45 | .05 | .36 | −.04 | .23 | .21 | −.17 | −.30 | ||||||||
| 12 | .59 | .61 | −.08 | .66 | .05 | .03 | −.06 | |||||||||
| 18 | .64 | .67 | −.13 | .55 | .16 | .28 | .01 | |||||||||
| 22 | .60 | .62 | −.09 | .53 | .02 | .07 | −.01 | |||||||||
| 2 | .77 | .79 | −.16 | −.004 | .90 | .13 | .13 | |||||||||
| 10 | .73 | .75 | .002 | .01 | .75 | .13 | .15 | |||||||||
| 15 | .77 | .79 | .15 | .03 | .73 | −.13 | −.002 | |||||||||
| 21 | .57 | .35 | .40 | .05 | .21 | .38 | −.14 | −.19 | ||||||||
| 25 | .64 | .50 | .28 | .12 | −.01 | .55 | −.20 | −.25 | ||||||||
| 6 | .56 | .64 | .15 | −.11 | −.03 | .60 | −.14 | |||||||||
| 11 | .51 | .40 | .61 | .14 | .24 | −.09 | .15 | −.27 | ||||||||
| 14 | .71 | .58 | .30 | .04 | .18 | .04 | .45 | −.25 | ||||||||
| 19 | .68 | .74 | .11 | .19 | .07 | .57 | .08 | |||||||||
| 23 | .49 | .55 | .14 | .09 | −.08 | .45 | −.01 | |||||||||
| 1 | .77 | .77 | .15 | −.42 | .03 | −.07 | .52 | |||||||||
| 4 | .46 | .45 | .01 | .01 | .03 | −.22 | .42 | |||||||||
| 9 | .62 | .62 | .06 | .18 | −.07 | −.15 | .72 | |||||||||
| 17 | .64 | .63 | −.02 | −.13 | −.05 | −.07 | .49 | |||||||||
| 20 | .53 | .54 | −.02 | .06 | −.02 | .10 | .68 | |||||||||
| Factor correlations | ||||||||||||||||
| ES | 1.00 | 0.28 | 0.34 | 0.58 | −0.02 | 1.00 | 0.33 | 0.37 | 0.59 | −0.02 | −.06 | 1.00 | 0.10 | 0.30 | 0.41 | −0.03 |
| CP | 1.00 | 0.63 | 0.54 | −0.62 | 1.00 | 0.52 | 0.50 | −0.52 | −.42 | 1.00 | 0.38 | 0.24 | −0.34 | |||
| HP | 1.00 | 0.24 | −0.31 | 1.00 | 0.17 | −0.20 | .35 | 1.00 | 0.11 | −0.23 | ||||||
| SP | 1.00 | −0.45 | 1.00 | −0.28 | −.09 | 1.00 | −0.12 | |||||||||
| PB | 1.00 | 1.00 | −.71 | 1.00 | ||||||||||||
| PCM | 1.00 | |||||||||||||||
Note. SDQ = Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire; ESEM = exploratory structural equation modeling; CFA = confirmatory factor analysis; ES = emotional symptoms; CP = conduct problems; HP = hyperactivity/attention problems; SP = social problems; PB = prosocial behavior; PCM = positive construal method. Per item, its loading on its intended factor is printed in bold.