TABLE 1.
Baseline Characteristic for Study Cohort
| COVID−19 Confirmed | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| No DM (n = 71) | DM (n = 71) | p‐Value | |
| Age (years), mean | 60 | 56 | <.0001 |
| Gender (Frequency) | |||
| Male | 52.8 | 47.2 | .39 |
| Female | 45.3 | 54.7 | |
| Race | |||
| African American | 73.2 | 81.7 | .23 |
| White | 9.9 | 7.0 | .54 |
| Asian | 2.8 | 0.00 | .15 |
| Native American | 0.00 | 0.00 | .00 |
| Hispanic | 11.3 | 7.0 | .52 |
| Other | 2.8 | 4.2 | .64 |
| Health Insurance | 73.2 | 66.2 | .36 |
| Comorbidities | |||
| Alcohol abuse | 35.2 | 14.1 | .003 |
| Tobacco abuse | 27.6 | 22.7 | .53 |
| COPD | 14.0 | 5.6 | .09 |
| Asthma | 5.6 | 5.6 | 1.0 |
| Dyslipidaemia | 28.2 | 49.3 | .01 |
| Valvular Heart Disease | 5.6 | 5.6 | 1.0 |
| Chronic Kidney Disease | 14.1 | 26.7 | .06 |
| Obesity | 42.3 | 59.5 | .04 |
| Congestive Heart Failure | 12.7 | 21.1 | .17 |
| Chronic Liver Disease | 9.9 | 0.0 | .007 |
| Hypertension | 60.6 | 84.5 | <.0001 |
| Prior Stroke | 22.5 | 15.5 | .28 |
| Alcohol Abuse | 25.9 | 25.4 | .95 |
| Pulmonary Hypertension | 1.4 | 0.0 | .35 |
| Coronary Artery Disease | 14.1 | 12.7 | .42 |
| Peripheral Artery Disease | 7.0 | 12.7 | .26 |
| Haemodialysis | 5.6 | 7.0 | .73 |
| HIV | 8.5 | 2.8 | .15 |
| History of Atrial fibrillation | 8.5 | 14.1 | .28 |
| In‐hospital management | |||
| Steriods | 10.0 | 14.1 | .4 |
| Hydroxloroquine | 38.0 | 18.3 | .009 |
| Remdesivir | 25.4 | 9.9 | .02 |
| Complications | |||
| DVT | 5.6 | 9.9 | .34 |
| Pulmonary Embolism | 2.8 | 9.9 | .09 |
| Acute Kidney Injury | 28.2 | 42.3 | .08 |
| Acute Kidney Injury w RRT | 2.8 | 11.3 | .05 |
| Acute Respiratory Failure | 22.5 | 52.1 | <.0001 |
| Death | 8.5 | 23.9 | .46 |
Abbreviations: COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; DM, diabetes mellitus; DVT, deep vein thrombosis; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; w RRT, with renal replacement therapy.