TABLE 1.
Patient characteristics in solid organ transplant (SOT) patients and control (non‐SOT) patients
| Patient characteristics | SOT (n = 30) | Control (n = 60) | P‐value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age—median (range) | 60 (29‐78) | 60.5 (23‐83) | .882 |
| Gender—no (%) | .546 | ||
| Male | 16 (53%) | 36 (60%) | |
| Female | 14 (47%) | 24 (40%) | |
| Race—no (%) | |||
| African American | 13 (43%) | 28 (47%) | .765 |
| White | 10 (33%) | 25 (42%) | .445 |
| Asian | 0 | 1 (2%) | .477 |
| American Indian or Alaska Native | 1 (3%) | 0 | .155 |
| Unknown | 6 (20%) | 6 (10%) | .188 |
| Ethnicity—no (%) | |||
| Non‐Hispanic | 24 (80%) | 47 (78%) | .855 |
| Hispanic | 6 (20%) | 12 (20%) | 1.0 |
| Unknown | 0 | 1 (2%) | .477 |
| BMI—median (range) | 28.0 (21.3‐40.9) | 29.1 (17.9‐51.4) | .686 |
| Length from symptom onset to admission in days—median (range) | 3 (0‐16) | 3 (0‐14) | .086 |
| Comorbidities—no (%) | |||
| Chronic heart disease | 18 (60%) | 21 (35%) | .024 |
| Chronic lung disease | 10 (33%) | 21 (35%) | .875 |
| Diabetes Mellitus with A1c > 8.0% | 12 (40%) | 24(40%) | 1.0 |
| Hypertension | 28 (93%) | 56 (93%) | 1.0 |
| Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) | 1 (3%) | 2 (3%) | 1.0 |
| Laboratory data—median (range) | |||
| Highest CRP (mg/L) | 140.8(3.1‐300) | 108.3 (1.7‐300) 1 | .125 |
| Highest D‐dimer (mg/L) | 2.4 (0.29‐33.89) | 1.6 (0.33‐33.89) 2 | .191 |
| Lowest ALC (1000 cells/μL) | 0.5 (0.1‐1.6) | 0.9 (0.3‐2.2) | 2.46 |
| Highest Procalcitonin (ng/mL) | 0.5 (0.1‐90.5) | 0.3 (0‐54.2) 3 | .390 |
| Highest LDH (U/L) | 413.5 (189‐9,350) 4 | 365 (165‐1,531) 5 | .269 |
| Highest Ferritin (ng/mL) | 1,816 (168‐13,127) | 870.5 (17‐24,118) 6 | .241 |
| Treatment—no (%) | |||
| Tocilizumab | 19 (63%) | 29 (48%) | .179 |
| Steroids b | 11 (37%) | 12 (20%) | .088 |
| Hydroxychloroquine | 28 (93%) | 47 (78%) | .072 |
| Azithromycin | 3 (10%) | 6 (10%) | 1.0 |
| Atazanavir | 7 (23%) | 20 (33%) | .329 |
| Remdesivir | 0 | 3 (5%) | .213 |
| Convalescent Plasma | 1 (3%) | 0 | .155 |
| Severity—no (%) a | |||
| Moderate | 14 (47%) | 33 (55%) | .456 |
| Severe | 6 (20%) | 13 (22%) | .855 |
| Critical | 10 (33%) | 14 (23%) | .312 |
| Critical Care Needs—no (%) | 9 (30%) | 13 (22%) | .386 |
| Mechanical ventilation | 8 (27%) | 12 (20%) | .473 |
| Vasopressors | 8 (27%) | 13 (22%) | .597 |
| New renal replacement therapy | 2 (7%) | 3 (5%) | .745 |
| Co‐infection or superinfection—no (%) | 6 (20%) | 14 (23%) | .720 |
| No tocilizumab | 0 | 4 (7%) | .148 |
| Tocilizumab | 5 (17%) | 10 (17%) | 1.0 |
| Pre‐tocilizumab | 2 (7%) | 7 (12%) | .456 |
| Post‐tocilizumab | 3 (10%) | 5 (8%) | .793 |
| Duration of hospital stay in days—median (range) | 12 (3‐75) | 9 (2‐50) | .047 |
| Location at 28 d—no (%) | |||
| Deceased | 4 (13%) | 8 (13%) | 1.0 |
| Home | 16 (53%) | 42 (70%) | .119 |
| Facility (extended care facility or subacute rehabilitation facility) | 4 (13%) | 6 (10%) | .635 |
| Re‐admission | 2 (7%) | 1 (2%) | .213 |
| Remains Inpatient | 4 (13%) | 3 (5%) | .164 |
| Total follow‐up days after COVID‐19 diagnosis—median (range) | 66 (7‐100) | 48 (2‐101) | .078 |
| Death at last known follow up—no (%) | 4 (13%) | 8 (13%) | 1.0 |
| Death during index hospitalization related to COVID‐19 infection | 4 (100%) | 8 (100%) | |
Severity: Outcome defined as maximum oxygen requirement during hospitalization. Moderate disease was defined as the need for 0‐3 L/min of supplemental oxygen by nasal cannula. Severe disease was defined as the need for 4‐6 L/min of supplemental oxygen by nasal cannula or use of a non‐rebreather mask. Critical disease was defined as the need for high‐flow nasal cannula, non‐invasive positive pressure ventilation, and/or mechanical ventilation.
Steroids: ≥20 mg prednisone equivalent dose. This does not include maintenance immunosuppression.
Available in 56 patients.
Available in 58 patients.
Available in 58 patients.
Available in 24 patients.
Available in 45 patients.
Available in 58 patients.
Bold value indicates clinical significance (P value < .05).