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Combined effects of all NPIs in study countries. The point estimate and 95% CI of the combined effect of NPIs on growth rate in cases, estimated from a combination of individual NPIs. The estimates show significant effects in all countries except Spain and range from a 33% (9%‐57%) decline in South Korea to 10% (6%‐13%) in England. The point estimate of the effect in Spain is also negative but small (2%) and not significant
