Table 2.
Cross-sectional associations showing maximally-adjusted means differences (95% confidence intervals) in activity across quartiles of the ALE measures at baseline (n = 942).
| ST (min/day) | LPA (min/day) | MVPA (min/day) | Overall PA (cpm) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Objective ALE score | ||||
| Q1 (Least dense/mixed) | REF | REF | REF | REF |
| Q2 | 16.8 (7.1, 26.5) | −7.1 (-11.9, -2.3) | −9.7 (-16.3, -3.2) | −25.7 (-46.5, -4.9) |
| Q3 | 18.6 (8.0, 29.1) | −8.3 (-13.5, -3.1) | −10.3 (-17.4, -3.2) | −29.3 (-51.9, -6.7) |
| Q4 (Most dense/mixed) | 19.5 (7.9, 31.1) | −10.8 (-16.5, -5.1) | −8.7 (-16.5, -0.8) | −16.6 (−41.4, 8.3) |
| Population density | ||||
| Q1 (Least dense) | REF | REF | REF | REF |
| Q2 | 17.4 (7.9, 27.0) | −7.3 (-12.0, -2.6) | −10.2 (-16.6, -3.7) | −27.6 (-48.2, -7.1) |
| Q3 | 14.2 (2.9, 25.6) | −8.3 (-13.9, -2.8) | −5.9 (−13.6, 1.8) | −14.0 (−38.3, 10.4) |
| Q4 (Most dense) | 22.0 (9.0, 35.1) | −11.5 (-17.9, -5.0) | −10.6 (-19.4, -1.7) | −22.2 (−50.2, 5.8) |
| Junction density | ||||
| Q1 (Least dense) | REF | REF | REF | REF |
| Q2 | 11.1 (1.8, 20.4) | −6.1 (-10.7, -1.6) | −5.0 (−11.3, 1.3) | −14.3 (−34.2, 5.6) |
| Q3 | 18.6 (8.3, 28.9) | −8.7 (-13.8, -3.6) | −9.9 (-16.9, -3.0) | −25.3 (-47.4, -3.2) |
| Q4 (Most dense) | 14.4 (3.6, 25.1) | −9.2 (-14.5, -3.9) | −5.2 (−12.4, 2.1) | −8.1 (−31.2, 15.0) |
| Land use mix | ||||
| Q1 (Least mixed) | REF | REF | REF | REF |
| Q2 | 6.9 (−2.0, 15.7) | −3.5 (−7.8, 0.9) | −3.4 (−9.4, 2.6) | −9.6 (−28.5, 9.4) |
| Q3 | 4.3 (−4.8, 13.4) | −2.4 (−6.9, 2.1) | −1.9 (−8.0, 4.3) | −1.0 (−20.5, 18.6) |
| Q4 (Most Mixed) | 15.7 (6.8, 24.5) | −8.1 (-12.4, -3.7) | −7.6 (-13.6, -1.6) | −20.2 (-39.3, -1.2) |
| Perceived ALE score | ||||
| Q1 (Least activity-friendly) | REF | REF | REF | REF |
| Q2 | 1.7 (−7.4, 10.8) | −2.2 (−6.7, 2.2) | 0.6 (−5.6, 6.7) | 7.9 (−11.5, 27.3) |
| Q3 | 1.7 (−8.1, 11.4) | −2.6 (−7.4, 2.1) | 1.0 (−5.6, 7.5) | 7.1 (−13.8, 27.9) |
| Q4 (Most activity-friendly) | −4.3 (−14.6, 6.0) | −1.3 (−6.4, 3.7) | 5.6 (−1.4, 12.6) | 27.1 (5.1, 49.1) |
Note: ALE, active living environment; ST, sedentary time; LPA, light-intensity physical activity; MVPA, moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity; PA, physical activity; cpm, counts per minute; REF, reference.
Bolded values represent statistically significant effect estimates. Estimates are adjusted for all of the variables included in Blocks 1–3.
Quartile cutoffs (n): Objective ALE score Q1: <-1.3 (236), Q2≥−1.3<0.3 (238), Q3≥0.3<1.6 (233), Q4≥1.6 (235); Population density, residents/km2 Q1: <513.2 (236), Q2: ≥513.2<2,048.0 (235), Q3: ≥2,048.0<3,227.0 (237), Q4: ≥3,227.0 (234); Junction density, junctions/hectare (n): Q1: <12.8 (236), Q2: ≥12.8<22.1 (235), Q3: ≥22.1<29.6 (237), Q4: ≥29.6 (234); Land use mix Q1: <6,467.6 (236), Q2: ≥6,467.6<7,284.7 (235), Q3: ≥7,284.7<7,847.6 (236); Q4: ≥7,847.6 (235); Perceived ALE score Q1: <62 (239), Q2: ≥62<68 (238), Q3: ≥68<74(240), Q4: ≥74 (225).