Table 3.
Prospective associations showing maximally-adjusted mean differences (95% confidence intervals) in changes in activity across quartiles of the baseline ALE measures (n = 942).
| ST (min/day/year) | LPA (min/day/year) | MVPA (min/day/year) | Overall PA (cpm/year) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Objective ALE score | ||||
| Q1 (Least dense/mixed) | REF | REF | REF | REF |
| Q2 | 0.4 (−1.5, 2.2) | −0.5 (−1.4, 0.4) | 0.3 (−0.7, 1.3) | 0.5 (−2.9, 3.9) |
| Q3 | 1.0 (−1.0, 3.0) | −0.8 (−1.8, 0.2) | −0.3 (−1.4, 0.8) | −0.5 (−4.2, 3.2) |
| Q4 (Most dense/mixed) | 2.3 (0.1, 4.5) | −1.4 (-2.4, -0.3) | −0.7 (−2.0, 0.5) | −2.2 (−6.3, 1.9) |
| Population density | ||||
| Q1 (Least dense) | REF | REF | REF | REF |
| Q2 | 0.9 (−0.9, 2.8) | −0.5 (−1.4, 0.4) | 0.05 (−1.0, 1.1) | −0.5 (−3.9, 2.8) |
| Q3 | 1.7 (−0.5, 3.8) | −0.7 (−1.8, 0.3) | −0.05 (−1.3, 1.2) | 0.3 (−3.7, 4.3) |
| Q4 (Most dense) | 2.1 (−0.3, 4.6) | −1.6 (-2.9, -0.4) | −0.6 (−2.0, 0.8) | −1.5 (−6.0, 3.1) |
| Junction density | ||||
| Q1 (Least dense) | REF | REF | REF | REF |
| Q2 | 1.3 (−0.4, 3.1) | −0.8 (−1.7, 0.04) | −0.5 (−1.5, 0.5) | −1.7 (−5.0, 1.5) |
| Q3 | 1.3 (−0.6, 3.3) | −1.2 (-2.2, -0.3) | −0.4 (−1.5, 0.7) | −0.8 (−4.4, 2.9) |
| Q4 (Most dense) | 2.5 (0.5, 4.6) | −1.2 (-2.2, -0.2) | −0.9 (−2.1 0.2) | −3.0 (−6.8, 0.8) |
| Land use mix | ||||
| Q1 (Least mixed) | REF | REF | REF | REF |
| Q2 | 2.1 (0.4, 3.7) | −1.0 (-1.8, -0.2) | −0.7 (−1.6, 0.3) | −1.5 (−4.6, 1.6) |
| Q3 | 1.2 (−0.5, 2.9) | −0.4 (−1.2, 0.5) | −0.8 (−1.8, 0.2) | −3.2 (-6.3, -0.03) |
| Q4 (Most Mixed) | 1.2 (−0.5, 2.9) | −1.1 (-1.9, -0.3) | −0.5 (−1.5, 0.4) | −1.7 (−4.8, 1.4) |
| Perceived ALE score | ||||
| Q1 (Least activity-friendly) | REF | REF | REF | REF |
| Q2 | 0.4 (−1.3, 2.1) | −0.7 (−1.5, 0.1) | −0.3 (−1.3, 0.6) | −0.9 (−4.0, 2.3) |
| Q3 | 0.6 (−1.2, 2.5) | −0.2 (−1.0, 0.7) | −0.4 (−1.4, 0.6) | −0.1 (−3.5, 3.3) |
| Q4 (Most activity-friendly) | 0.3 (−1.6, 2.3) | −0.4 (−1.3, 0.5) | −0.1 (−1.2, 1.0) | 0.9 (−2.7, 4.5) |
Note: ALE, active living environment; ST, sedentary time; LPA, light-intensity physical activity; MVPA, moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity; PA, physical activity; cpm, counts per minute; REF, reference.
Bolded values represent statistically significant effect estimates. Estimates are adjusted for all of the variables included in Blocks 1–3.
Quartile cutoffs (n): Objective
ALE score Q1: <-1.3 (236), Q2: ≥-1.3<0.3 (238), Q3: ≥0.3<1.6 (233), Q4: ≥1.6 (235); Population density, residents/km2 Q1: <513.2 (236), Q2: ≥513.2<2,048.0 (235), Q3: ≥2,048.0<3,227.0 (237), Q4: ≥3,227.0 (234); Junction density, junctions/hectare Q1: <12.8 (236), Q2: ≥12.8<22.1 (235), Q3: ≥22.1<29.6 (237), Q4: ≥29.6 (234); Land use mix Q1: <6,467.6 (236), Q2: ≥6,467.6<7,284.7 (235), Q3: ≥7,284.7<7,847.6 (236); Q4: ≥7,847.6 (235); Perceived ALE score Q1: <62 (239), Q2: ≥62<68 (238), Q3: ≥68<74 (240), Q4: ≥74 (225).